Editing Epilepsy (section)

==== Neuromodulation ====
[[Neurostimulation|Neuromodulation]] therapies, including [[vagus nerve stimulation]] (VNS), [[deep brain stimulation]] (DBS), and [[Responsive neurostimulation device|responsive neurostimulation]] (RNS), are treatment options for individuals with drug-resistant epilepsy who are not candidates for resective surgery, or for whom previous surgery has not resulted in seizure freedom.<ref name="Cochrane2015">{{cite journal |vauthors=Panebianco M, Rigby A, Marson AG |date=July 2022 |title=Vagus nerve stimulation for focal seizures |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2022 |issue=7 |pages=CD002896 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD002896.pub3 |pmc=9281624 |pmid=35833911 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Edwards2017">{{cite journal |vauthors=Edwards CA, Kouzani A, Lee KH, Ross EK |date=September 2017 |title=Neurostimulation Devices for the Treatment of Neurologic Disorders |journal=Mayo Clinic Proceedings |volume=92 |issue=9 |pages=1427–1444 |doi=10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.05.005 |pmid=28870357 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Englot |first=Dario J |last2=Chang |first2=Edward F. |last3=Auguste |first3=Kurtis I |date=2011 |title=Vagus nerve stimulation for epilepsy: a meta-analysis of efficacy and predictors of response |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21838505 |journal=Journal of Neurosurgery |volume=115 |issue=6 |pages=1248–1255 |doi=10.3171/2011.7.JNS11977 |issn=1933-0693 |pmid=21838505}}</ref> These therapies aim to reduce seizure frequency and severity by delivering controlled electrical stimulation to targeted neural circuits.