Editing Dalai Lama (section)

=== 14th Dalai Lama ===
{{Main|14th Dalai Lama}}
[[File:His Holiness giving teachings at Sissu, Lahaul.jpg|thumb|The Dalai Lama giving teachings at [[Sissu]], [[Lahaul]]]]
The 14th Dalai Lama was born on 6 July 1935 on a straw mat in a cowshed to a farmer's family in a remote part of Tibet.<ref>Laird 2006, p. 261.</ref> According to most Western journalistic sources<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sturcke|first1=James|title=Dalai Lama defies China over successor|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/nov/27/china.jamessturcke|access-date=29 June 2017|work=The Guardian|archive-date=3 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803130607/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/nov/27/china.jamessturcke|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Nagle|first1=Jeanne|title=The Dalai Lama: Spiritual Leader of the Tibetan People|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9I0gBAAAQBAJ&q=dalai+lama+family+humble+origins&pg=PT9|access-date=29 June 2017|isbn=9781622754410|date=15 July 2014|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |archive-date=10 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410220310/https://books.google.com/books?id=9I0gBAAAQBAJ&q=dalai+lama+family+humble+origins&pg=PT9|url-status=live}}</ref> he was born into a humble family of farmers as one of 16 children, and one of the three reincarnated rinpoches in the same family.<ref name="Committee2008">{{cite book|author=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs Committee|title=Human Rights Annual Report 2007: Ninth Report of Session 2007–08, Report, Together with Formal Minutes, Oral and Written Evidence|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b7dJbld9PzQC&pg=PA124|date=20 July 2008|publisher=The Stationery Office|isbn=978-0-215-52193-4|pages=124–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=統一論壇|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ymhKAQAAIAAJ|year=2008|publisher=統一論壇雜誌社}} |quote=据统计,民主改革前,十四世达赖喇嘛家族在西藏占有 27 座庄园、 30 个牧场,拥有农
牧奴 6000 多人</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=十四世达赖喇嘛|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=etOVRV2Lr6oC&pg=PA23|year=1977|isbn = 9787801132987|author1 = 司仁|author2 = 格旺| publisher=五洲传播出版社 }} |quote=拉萨西北50公里处的堆龙德庆县色村，民主改革前是十四世达赖喇嘛家的庄园。当时庄囩里20户差巴(农奴)。</ref> On 5 February 1940, the Central Government approved the request to exempt Lhamo Thondup ({{lang-zh|拉木登珠}}) from the lot-drawing process to become the 14th Dalai Lama.<ref>{{citation |script-title=zh:1940年2月5日，国民政府正式颁发命令："青海灵童拉木登珠，慧性湛深，灵异特著，查系第十三辈达赖喇嘛转世，应即免予抽签，特准继任为第十四辈达赖喇嘛。此令。" |trans-title=On February 5, 1940, the National Government formally issued an order: "The Qinghai soul boy, Lamu Dengzhu, has profound wisdom, and a special book. The reincarnation of the 13th generation of the Dalai Lama should be exempted from drawing lots and succeeded to the 14th generation of Dalai Lama. By order."}}</ref><ref name=yuan>{{cite web |url=http://www.livingbuddha.us.com/view-a4a452dadc42426184aa073f08dd26fb.html |publisher=Museum of Tibetan Culture of China Tibetology Research Center |title=Executive Yuan's Report to the National Government Regarding the Request to Approve Lhamo Thondup to Succeed the Fourteenth Dalai lama and to Appropriate Expenditure for His Enthronement |website=The Reincarnation of Living Buddhas |date=1940 |access-date=19 August 2021 |archive-date=30 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930211113/http://www.livingbuddha.us.com/view-a4a452dadc42426184aa073f08dd26fb.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The 14th Dalai Lama was not formally enthroned until 17 November 1950, during the [[Battle of Chamdo]] with the People's Republic of China. On 18 April 1959, he issued a statement<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.archieve.claudearpi.net/maintenance/uploaded_pics/590418_Tezpur_Statement.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111232212/http://www.archieve.claudearpi.net/maintenance/uploaded_pics/590418_Tezpur_Statement.pdf |archive-date=2021-01-11 |url-status=live |title=Statement issued at Tezpur |date=18 April 1959 |work=The Dalai Lama's Press Statements}}</ref> that in 1951, the Dalai Lama and the Tibetan government were pressured into accepting the [[Seventeen Point Agreement for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet]] by which it became formally incorporated into the People's Republic of China.<ref>Powers, John. ''History as Propaganda: Tibetan Exiles versus the People's Republic of China'' (2004) Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-19-517426-7}}</ref> The United States informed the Dalai Lama in 1951 that in order to receive its assistance and support he must leave Tibet and publicly disavow "agreements concluded under duress" between Tibetan and Chinese representatives.<ref name="Goldstein2007">{{cite book|author=Melvyn C. Goldstein|title=A History of Modern Tibet, Volume 2: The Calm Before the Storm: 1951–1955|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wg6RXkS_3M0C&pg=PA232|date=August 2007|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-24941-7|pages=232–|quote=Your Holiness will understand, of course, that the readiness of the United States to render you the assistance and support outlined above is conditional upon your departure from Tibet, upon your public disavowal of agreements concluded under duress between the representatives of Tibet and those of the Chinese Communist aggression.|access-date=19 August 2021|archive-date=6 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606092602/https://books.google.com/books?id=wg6RXkS_3M0C&pg=PA232%2F|url-status=live}}</ref> Fearing for his life in the wake of a [[1959 Tibetan uprising|revolt in Tibet in 1959]], the 14th Dalai Lama fled to India, where he led a [[Tibetan government in exile|government in exile]].<ref>[http://tibet.net/en/index.php?id=9 ''Tibet in Exile''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222005721/http://tibet.net/en/index.php?id=9 |date=22 December 2010 }}, CTA Official website. Retrieved 15 December 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.metrolic.com/dalai-lama-intends-to-retire-as-head-of-tibetan-state-in-exile-148540/ ''Dalai Lama Intends To Retire As Head of Tibetan State In Exile''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727135808/http://www.metrolic.com/dalai-lama-intends-to-retire-as-head-of-tibetan-state-in-exile-148540/ |date=27 July 2013 }} by Mihai-Silviu Chirila (23 November 2010), Metrolic. Retrieved 2010-12-15.</ref>

With the aim of launching [[CIA Tibetan program|guerrilla operations against the Chinese]], the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] funded the Dalai Lama's administration with US$1.7&nbsp;million a year in the 1960s.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/02/world/world-news-briefs-dalai-lama-group-says-it-got-money-from-cia.html|title= Dalai Lama Group Says It Got Money From C.I.A.|work= The New York Times|date= 2 October 1998|access-date= 15 February 2017|archive-date= 14 October 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171014181454/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/02/world/world-news-briefs-dalai-lama-group-says-it-got-money-from-cia.html|url-status= live}}</ref> In 2001, the 14th Dalai Lama ceded his partial power over the government to an elected parliament of Tibetan exiles. His original goal was [[Tibetan independence movement|full independence for Tibet]], but by the late 1980s he sought high-level autonomy instead.<ref>{{Cite news|url= http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/JK27Ad01.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081204114944/http://atimes.com/atimes/China/JK27Ad01.html|url-status= unfit|archive-date= 4 December 2008|title= Tibetans stick to the 'middle way'|first= Denis|last= Burke|date= 27 November 2008|access-date= 7 August 2010|work= [[Asia Times]]}}</ref> He continued to seek greater autonomy from China, but Dolma Gyari, deputy speaker of the parliament-in-exile, said: "If the middle path fails in the short term, we will be forced to opt for complete independence or self-determination as per the UN charter".<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/The-burden-of-being-Dalai-Lama/articleshow/5183939.cms |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121103054830/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-10-31/india/28072137_1_tawang-14th-dalai-lama-lhasa |url-status = live |archive-date = 3 November 2012 |title = The burden of being Dalai Lama |first = Shobhan |last = Saxena |work = [[The Times of India]] |date = 31 October 2009 |access-date = 6 August 2010 |quote = If the middle path fails in the short term, we will be forced to opt for complete independence or self-determination as per the UN charter }}</ref>

The 14th Dalai Lama became one of the two most popular world leaders by 2013 (tied with [[Barack Obama]]), according to a poll by [[Harris Insights & Analytics|Harris Interactive]] of New York, which sampled public opinion in the U.S. and six major European countries.<ref name=Harrispoll>{{cite web |author1=Regina A. Corso |title=The Dalai Lama, President Obama and Pope Francis at Highest Levels of Popularity in U.S. and Five Largest European Countries |url=http://www.theharrispoll.com/politics/The_Dalai_Lama__President_Obama_and_Pope_Francis_at_Highest_Levels_of_Popularity_in_U_S__and_Five_Largest_European_Countries.html|publisher=Harris, A Nielsen Company |location=New York |date=29 May 2013 |access-date=9 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910040958/http://www.theharrispoll.com/politics/The_Dalai_Lama__President_Obama_and_Pope_Francis_at_Highest_Levels_of_Popularity_in_U_S__and_Five_Largest_European_Countries.html|archive-date=10 September 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2014 and 2016, he said that Tibet wants to be part of China but China should let Tibet preserve its culture and script.<ref>{{cite web| title = Dalai Lama says Tibet wants to remain part of China| date = 4 February 2014| url = http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/dalai-lama-says-tibet-wants-to-remain-part-of-china/1/341687.html| access-date = 14 March 2017| archive-date = 15 March 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170315000855/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/dalai-lama-says-tibet-wants-to-remain-part-of-china/1/341687.html| url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = We want to stay within China: His Holiness the Dalai Lama of Tibet | url = http://www.thetibetpost.com/en/news/international/5282-we-want-to-stay-within-china-his-holiness-the-dalai-lama-of-tibet | date = 19 November 2016 | access-date = 14 March 2017 | archive-date = 15 March 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170315003852/http://www.thetibetpost.com/en/news/international/5282-we-want-to-stay-within-china-his-holiness-the-dalai-lama-of-tibet | url-status = live }}</ref>

In 2018, he said that "Europe belongs to the Europeans" and that Europe has a moral obligation to aid refugees whose lives are in peril. He added that Europe should receive, help, and educate refugees but that they should ultimately return to develop their home countries.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20180912-dalai-lama-says-europe-belongs-europeans|title=Dalai Lama says 'Europe belongs to Europeans'|date=12 September 2018|publisher=France 24|access-date=14 September 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=14 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314054736/https://www.france24.com/en/20180912-dalai-lama-says-europe-belongs-europeans|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date= 14 September 2018 |title= Dalai Lama says 'Europe belongs to the Europeans' and suggests refugees return to native countries |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/dalai-lama-europe-refugee-crisis-immigration-eu-racism-tibet-buddhist-a8537221.html |access-date= 10 April 2023 |work= [[The Independent]] |archive-date= 19 March 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230319203152/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/dalai-lama-europe-refugee-crisis-immigration-eu-racism-tibet-buddhist-a8537221.html |url-status= live }}</ref> He made similar comments in an interview the next year. He also said that a female Dalai Lama "should be more attractive" because if she looked a certain way people would "prefer not see … that face".<ref>{{cite news |date= 27 July 2019 |title= The Dalai Lama just said some (more) controversial things about women and migrants |url= https://edition.cnn.com/2019/06/27/world/dalai-lama-female-successor-europe-trump-bbc-trnd/index.html |access-date= 10 April 2023 |publisher= [[CNN]] |archive-date= 5 December 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221205171137/http://edition.cnn.com/2019/06/27/world/dalai-lama-female-successor-europe-trump-bbc-trnd/index.html |url-status= live }}</ref>

In 2019, the Dalai Lama spoke out about his successor, saying that after his death he is likely to be reincarnated in India. He also warned that any Chinese interference in succession should be considered invalid.<ref>{{cite web |title=Exclusive: Dalai Lama contemplates Chinese gambit after his death |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-tibet-dalai-lama-exclusive/exclusive-dalai-lama-contemplates-chinese-gambit-after-his-death-idUSKCN1QZ1NS |work=Reuters |language=en |date=19 March 2019 |access-date=20 May 2020 |archive-date=5 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605104633/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-tibet-dalai-lama-exclusive/exclusive-dalai-lama-contemplates-chinese-gambit-after-his-death-idUSKCN1QZ1NS |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/dalai-lama-contemplates-chinese-gambit-after-his-death/articleshow/68475487.cms|title=Dalai Lama contemplates Chinese gambit after his death|website=The Times of India|access-date=19 March 2019|archive-date=19 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190319124837/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/dalai-lama-contemplates-chinese-gambit-after-his-death/articleshow/68475487.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The Dalai Lama's succession also involves Mongolia, given its strong Tibetan Buddhist ties.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weekly |first=Mongolia |date=2024-12-15 |title=Mongolia, the Next Dalai Lama, and the Shadow of Global Politics |url=https://www.mongoliaweekly.org/post/mongolia-the-next-dalai-lama-and-the-shadow-of-global-politics |access-date=2024-12-15 |website=Mongolia Weekly |language=en}}</ref> The Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, the latest one chosen from Mongolia, is the third most important figure in the Tibetan Buddhist hierarchy, and plays a significant role in the recognition of the next Dalai Lama.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adiya |first=Amar |date=2023-04-04 |title=China's Grip on Mongolia's Quest for Buddhism Leadership |url=https://www.mongoliaweekly.org/post/china-influence-tibetan-buddhism |access-date=2024-12-15 |website=Mongolia Weekly |language=en}}</ref>

In 2020, the Dalai Lama said he did not support Tibetan independence and hoped to visit China as a Nobel Prize winner. He said "I prefer the concept of a 'republic' in the People's Republic of China. In the concept of a republic, ethnic minorities are like Tibetans, Mongols, Manchus, and Xinjiang Uyghurs. We can live in harmony".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Xia |first1=Xiaohua | title= The Dalai Lama emphasizes that he does not support Tibetan independence and hopes to visit China as a Nobel Prize winner |url= https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/shaoshuminzu/hx1-10022020091411.html |access-date=2 October 2020|website= RFA |date=2 October 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201002230324/https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/shaoshuminzu/hx1-10022020091411.html | archive-date=2 October 2020}}</ref>

In 2021, he praised India as a role model for religious harmony in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 19, 2021 |title=What Dalai Lama Said On India's Role In World's Religious Harmony |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/dalai-lama-dalai-lama-news-what-dalai-lama-said-on-indias-role-in-religious-harmony-in-the-world-2659307 |website=[[NDTV]] |access-date=12 March 2023 |archive-date=12 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312233226/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/dalai-lama-dalai-lama-news-what-dalai-lama-said-on-indias-role-in-religious-harmony-in-the-world-2659307 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-20 |title=India role model for religious harmony in the world, says Dalai Lama |url=https://en.trend.az/world/other/3529518.html |website=[[Trend News Agency]] |language=en |access-date=12 March 2023 |archive-date=12 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312233228/https://en.trend.az/world/other/3529518.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2023, a video showed the Dalai Lama in the city of [[Dharamshala]], India, asking a boy for a kiss on the lips, and then to suck his tongue.<ref>{{cite AV media |date= 10 April 2023 |title= Dalai Lama apologizes for video of him kissing boy |url= https://edition.cnn.com/videos/world/2023/04/10/dalai-lama-kiss-young-boy-apology-vedika-sud-ovn-intl-ldn-vpx.cnn |access-date= 10 April 2023 |publisher= [[CNN]] |archive-date= 10 April 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230410085420/https://edition.cnn.com/videos/world/2023/04/10/dalai-lama-kiss-young-boy-apology-vedika-sud-ovn-intl-ldn-vpx.cnn |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Dalai Lama apologises after video asking boy to suck his tongue|website=[[Reuters]]|date=10 April 2023 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/dalai-lama-apologises-after-video-asking-boy-suck-my-tongue-2023-04-10/|access-date=10 April 2023|archive-date=10 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410094340/https://www.reuters.com/world/india/dalai-lama-apologises-after-video-asking-boy-suck-my-tongue-2023-04-10/|url-status=live}}</ref> He later apologized and expressed regret through a statement that claimed he "often teases people he meets in an innocent and playful way, even in public and before cameras" and "regrets the incident".<ref>{{cite news |date= 10 April 2023 |title= Dalai Lama apologizes after video asking child to 'suck' his tongue sparks outcry |url= https://edition.cnn.com/2023/04/10/india/dalai-lama-apology-kissing-boy-video-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date= 10 April 2023 |publisher= [[CNN]] |archive-date= 10 April 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230410083241/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/04/10/india/dalai-lama-apology-kissing-boy-video-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status= live }}</ref>