Editing Concorde (section)

==Comparable aircraft==
===Tu-144===
[[File:Sinsheim Auto & Technik Museum.jpg|thumb|Concorde (left) and Tu-144 in [[Sinsheim Auto & Technik Museum|Auto & Technik Museum Sinsheim]]]]
[[File:Boeing 2707-300 3-view.svg|thumb|[[Boeing 2707]] 3-view diagram]]
[[File:Lockheed L-2000 mockup.jpg|thumb|[[Lockheed L-2000]] mockup]]

Concorde was one of only two supersonic jetliner models to operate commercially; the other was the Soviet-built [[Tupolev Tu-144]], which operated in the late 1970s.{{sfn|Gordon|Rigmant|2005|p={{page needed|date=July 2023}}}}<ref name="Melik-Karamov 2000">{{Cite web |last=Melik-Karamov [Мелик-Карамов] |first=Vitaly [Виталий] |url=http://www.ropnet.ru/ogonyok/win/200003/03-26-31.html |title=Life and Death of the Tu-144, [Жизнь и смерть самолёта Ту-144] |publisher=Flame [Огонёк] |series=No. 3 |date=January 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001115093200/http://www.ropnet.ru/ogonyok/win/200003/03-26-31.html |archive-date=15 November 2000}}</ref> The Tu-144 was nicknamed "Concordski" by Western European journalists for its outward similarity to Concorde.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,912014,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081215105535/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,912014,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 December 2008 |title=Soviet Union: Christening the Concordski |magazine=Time |access-date=30 June 2011 |date=14 November 1977}}</ref> [[Soviet industrial espionage of Concorde|Soviet espionage efforts]] allegedly stole Concorde blueprints to assist in the design of the Tu-144.{{sfn|Gordon|Rigmant|2005}}{{page needed|date=December 2023}} As a result of a rushed development programme, the first Tu-144 prototype was substantially different from the preproduction machines, but both were cruder than Concorde. The Tu-144''S'' had a significantly shorter range than Concorde. Jean Rech, Sud Aviation, attributed this to two things,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hans-Reichel|first1=Michael|title=Subsonic versus Supersonic Business Jets – Full Concept Comparison considering Technical, Environmental and Economic Aspects|date=2012|publisher=diplom.de|isbn=978-3-8428-2809-4|page=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5eNoAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA4|access-date=28 November 2020|archive-date=26 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126145650/https://books.google.com/books?id=5eNoAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA4|url-status=live}}</ref> a very heavy powerplant with an intake twice as long as that on Concorde, and [[Turbofan#Low-bypass turbofan|low-bypass turbofan engines]] with too high a bypass ratio which needed afterburning for cruise. The aircraft had poor control at low speeds because of a simpler wing design. The Tu-144 required [[drogue parachute|braking parachutes]] to land.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F4091EFB3954127B93C4AB178ED85F458785F9 |title=Soviet SST, in Its First Flight to the West, Arrives in Paris for Air Show |first=John L |last=Hess |work=The New York Times |access-date=30 June 2011 |date=26 May 1971 |archive-date=9 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109055805/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F4091EFB3954127B93C4AB178ED85F458785F9 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Tu-144 had two crashes, one at the [[1973 Paris Air Show Tu-144 crash|1973 Paris Air Show]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2JwMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4974,3987586 |title=Soviet SST stalls, dives into towns |first=George |last=Deruaz |work=St. Petersburg Times |date=4 June 1973 |access-date=30 June 2011}}{{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DBsfAAAAIBAJ&pg=3185,500285 |title=Pride of Soviet air fleet explodes during exhibition |work=Sarasota Journal |date=4 June 1973 |access-date=30 June 2011 |archive-date=14 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414095531/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DBsfAAAAIBAJ&pg=3185,500285 |url-status=live}}</ref> and another during a pre-delivery test flight in May 1978.<ref>{{cite news |first=Dan |last=Fisher |date=27 October 1978 |work=Los Angeles Times |url= https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/659730132.html?dids=659730132:659730132&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Oct+27%2C+1978&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Russia+Confirms+Crash+of+Supersonic+Airliner+in+Test&pqatl=google |title=Russia confirms crash of Supersonic Airliner in test |access-date=5 July 2017 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105042737/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/659730132.html?dids=659730132:659730132&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Oct+27%2C+1978&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Russia+Confirms+Crash+of+Supersonic+Airliner+in+Test&pqatl=google |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19780523-1 |title=ASN Aircraft accident Tupolev 144D CCCP-77111 Yegoryevsk |publisher=Flight Safety Foundation |access-date=1 July 2011 |archive-date=28 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128172130/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19780523-1 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Passenger service commenced in November 1977, but after the 1978 crash the aircraft was taken out of passenger service after only 55 flights, which carried an average of 58 passengers. The Tu-144 had an inherently unsafe structural design as a consequence of an automated production method chosen to simplify and speed up manufacturing.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Fridlyander |first=Iosif |trans-title=Sad Epic of the Tu-144 |trans-journal=Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences |date=2002 |language=ru |url=http://vivovoco.rsl.ru/VV/JOURNAL/VRAN/02_01/FRID.HTM |title=Печальная эпопея Ту-144 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928042757/http://vivovoco.rsl.ru/VV/JOURNAL/VRAN/02_01/FRID.HTM |archive-date=28 September 2011 |journal=Вестник Российской Академии Наук |volume=72 |issue=1 |pages=70–78}}</ref> The Tu-144 program was cancelled by the Soviet government on 1 July 1983.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |author=Gostar den Daas |date=May 2012 |title=Aircraft Factsheets: Tu-144 |url=http://www.aviamagazine.com/factsheets/aircraft/tu144/index.aspx |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=AviaMagazine.com |archive-date=3 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603030558/https://www.aviamagazine.com/factsheets/aircraft/tu144/index.aspx |url-status=live}}</ref>

===SST and others===
{{further|Supersonic transport}}
The main competing designs for the US government-funded supersonic transport (SST) were the [[swing-wing]] [[Boeing 2707]] and the compound [[delta wing]] [[Lockheed L-2000]]. These were to have been larger, with seating for up to 300 people.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1964/1964%20-%200377.html |title=The United States SST Contenders |work=Flight International |date=13 February 1964 |pages=234–35 |access-date=30 June 2011 |archive-date=21 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021071648/https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1964/1964%20-%200377.html |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Winchester|2005a|p=84}} The Boeing 2707 was selected for development. Concorde first flew in 1969, the year Boeing began building 2707 mockups after changing the design to a cropped delta wing; the cost of this and other changes helped to kill the project.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10D11F6395F127A93C7A9178AD85F4D8685F9 |title=The Russians Lead With the SST... |first=Richard D |last=Lyons |work=The New York Times |access-date=30 June 2011 |date=5 January 1969 |archive-date=3 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103103556/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10D11F6395F127A93C7A9178AD85F4D8685F9 |url-status=live}}</ref> The operation of US military aircraft such as the Mach 3+ [[North American XB-70 Valkyrie]] prototypes and [[Convair B-58 Hustler]] strategic nuclear bomber had shown that sonic booms were capable of reaching the ground,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/574189232.html?dids=574189232:574189232&FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&date=Dec+19%2C+1961&author=&pub=Chicago+Daily+Tribune&desc=B-58%27s+SONIC+BOOM+RATTLES+KENTUCKIANS&pqatl=google |title=B-58's Sonic Boom Rattles Kentuckians |work=Chicago Daily Tribune |access-date=30 June 2011 |date=19 December 1961 |archive-date=25 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725103200/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/574189232.html?dids=574189232:574189232&FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&date=Dec+19%2C+1961&author=&pub=Chicago+Daily+Tribune&desc=B-58%27s+SONIC+BOOM+RATTLES+KENTUCKIANS&pqatl=google |url-status=dead}}</ref> and the experience from the [[Oklahoma City sonic boom tests]] led to the same environmental concerns that hindered the commercial success of Concorde. The American government cancelled its SST project in 1971 having spent more than $1&nbsp;billion without any aircraft being built.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,944291,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081221203832/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,944291,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 December 2008 |title=The Nation: Showdown on the SST |magazine=Time |access-date=30 June 2011 |date=29 March 1971}}</ref>