Editing Colombia (section)

=== Music ===
{{Main|Music of Colombia}}
Colombia has a vibrant collage of talent that touches a full spectrum of [[rhythm]]s. It is known as the land of a thousand rhythms, at around 1,024 folk rhythms. Musicians, composers, music producers and singers from Colombia are recognized internationally such as [[Shakira]], [[Juanes]], [[Carlos Vives]] and others.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cromos.com.co/especial-colombia/articulo-147471-personajes-destacados-la-musica-vibra-los-cinco-continentes|publisher=cromos.com.co|title=Colombianos que se destacan: Música que vibra por todo el mundo|language=es|access-date=24 May 2016|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524214703/http://www.cromos.com.co/especial-colombia/articulo-147471-personajes-destacados-la-musica-vibra-los-cinco-continentes|url-status=dead}}</ref> Colombian music blends European-influenced guitar and song structure with large [[gaita flutes]] and percussion instruments from the indigenous population, while its percussion structure and dance forms come from Africa. Colombia has a diverse and dynamic musical environment.<ref name="about.com">{{cite web|url=http://latinmusic.about.com/od/countrie1/p/PRO04BASICS.htm|publisher=about.com|title=Colombian music|access-date=22 August 2013|archive-date=2 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102075148/http://latinmusic.about.com/od/countrie1/p/PRO04BASICS.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:Ejes musicales de Colombia1.png|thumb|left|upright|Regions of Colombia by their traditional music]]

[[Guillermo Uribe Holguín]], an important cultural figure in the [[National Symphony Orchestra of Colombia]], Luis Antonio Calvo and Blas Emilio Atehortúa are some of the greatest exponents of the [[art music]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://facartes.unal.edu.co/compositores/html/_compositores.html|publisher=facartes.unal.edu.co|title=Colombian composers|language=es|access-date=29 April 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411030708/http://facartes.unal.edu.co/compositores/html/_compositores.html|archive-date=11 April 2016}}</ref> The [[Bogotá Philharmonic Orchestra]] is one of the most active orchestras in Colombia.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://patrimoniocultural.bogota.unal.edu.co/internas-auditorio/acerca-de-la-ofb.html|publisher=patrimoniocultural.bogota.unal.edu.co|title=Bogotá Philharmonic|language=es|access-date=29 April 2017}}</ref>

Caribbean music has many vibrant rhythms, such as [[Cumbia (Colombia)|cumbia]] (it is played by the [[maraca]]s, the drums, the gaitas and [[guacharaca]]), [[porro]] (it is a monotonous but joyful rhythm), [[mapalé]] (with its fast rhythm and constant [[clapping]]) and the "[[vallenato]]", which originated in the northern part of the [[Caribbean]] coast (the rhythm is mainly played by the caja, the guacharaca, and [[accordion]]).<ref name="Colombian music">{{cite web|url=http://www.colombia-sa.com/musica/musica-in.html|title=Colombian music|publisher=colombia-sa.com |access-date=25 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/3|title=Músicas Caribe Occidental|publisher=territoriosonoro.org|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806233314/http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/3|archive-date=6 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/2|title=Músicas Caribe Oriental|publisher=territoriosonoro.org|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807074711/http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/2|archive-date=7 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=13&COLTEM=222|title=Ritmos – Bolívar|publisher=sinic.gov.co|language=es|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-date=9 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509175109/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=13&COLTEM=222|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=20&COLTEM=222|title=Ritmos – Cesar|publisher=sinic.gov.co|language=es|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524081524/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=20&COLTEM=222|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The music from the [[Pacific coast]], such as the [[Currulao (music genre)|currulao]], is characterized by its strong use of drums (instruments such as the native [[marimba]], the conunos, the [[bass drum]], the [[side drum]], and the cuatro guasas or tubular rattle). An important rhythm of the south region of the Pacific coast is the [[contradanza]] (it is used in dance shows due to the striking colours of the costumes).<ref name="Colombian music" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=27&COLTEM=222|title=Ritmos – Chocó|publisher=sinic.gov.co|language=es|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524081612/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=27&COLTEM=222|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=19&COLTEM=222|title=Ritmos – Cauca|publisher=sinic.gov.co|language=es|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524081657/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=19&COLTEM=222|url-status=dead}}</ref> Marimba music, traditional chants and dances from the Colombia South Pacific region are on [[UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists|UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/RL/marimba-music-traditional-chants-and-dances-from-the-colombia-south-pacific-region-and-esmeraldas-province-of-ecuador-01099|title=Marimba music, traditional chants and dances from the Colombia South Pacific region |publisher=unesco.org |access-date=25 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/9|title=Músicas Pacífico Sur|publisher=territoriosonoro.org|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808023628/http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/9|archive-date=8 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/4|title=Músicas Pacífico Norte|publisher=territoriosonoro.org|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808023619/http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/4|archive-date=8 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Jorge Celedón in DC.JPG|thumb|[[Jorge Celedón]] of the [[Binomio de Oro de América]] band. The [[Vallenato]], along with [[Cumbia (Colombia)|Cumbia]], are the two most popular Colombian folk music genres heard in Latin America.]]

Important musical rhythms of the [[Andean Region (Colombia)|Andean Region]] are the [[danza]] (dance of Andean folklore arising from the transformation of the European contredance), the [[bambuco]] (it is played with guitar, [[Colombian tiple|tiple]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/musica/tiple/indice.htm|title=Los Caminos del tiple|publisher=Bogotá: Ediciones AMP Damel.|year=1988|author=Puerta Zuluaga, D.|access-date=3 May 2017|archive-date=3 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503084731/http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/musica/tiple/indice.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[mandolin]], the rhythm is danced by couples), the [[pasillo]] (a rhythm inspired by the Austrian [[waltz]] and the Colombian "danza", the lyrics have been composed by well-known poets), the guabina (the [[tiple]], the [[bandola]] and the [[requinto]] are the basic instruments), the [[sanjuanero]] (it originated in [[Tolima Department|Tolima]] and [[Huila Department|Huila]] Departments, the rhythm is joyful and fast).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=11&COLTEM=222|title=Ritmos – Bogotá|publisher=sinic.gov.co|language=es|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524082507/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=11&COLTEM=222|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=73&COLTEM=222|title=Ritmos -Tolima|publisher=sinic.gov.co|language=es|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524082541/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=73&COLTEM=222|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=41&COLTEM=222|title=Ritmos – Huila|publisher=sinic.gov.co|language=es|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524082605/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=41&COLTEM=222|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/5|title=Músicas Andinas Centro-Oriente|publisher=territoriosonoro.org|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808030945/http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/5|archive-date=8 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/6|title=Músicas Andinas Nor-Occidente|publisher=territoriosonoro.org|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808023624/http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/6|archive-date=8 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Apart from these traditional rhythms, [[salsa music]] has spread throughout the country, and the city of [[Cali]] is considered by many salsa singers to be 'The New Salsa Capital of the World'.<ref name="Colombian music" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/7|title=Músicas Andinas Centro-Sur|publisher=territoriosonoro.org|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708222015/http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/7|archive-date=8 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/10|title=Músicas Andinas Sur-Occidente|publisher=territoriosonoro.org|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812043609/http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/10|archive-date=12 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The instruments that distinguish the music of the [[Orinoquía natural region|Eastern Plains]] are the [[harp]], the [[Cuatro (instrument)|cuatro]] (a type of four-stringed guitar) and maracas. Important rhythms of this region are the [[joropo]] (a fast rhythm and there is also tapping as a result of its [[flamenco]] ancestry) and the [[galeron]] (it is heard a lot while [[cowboy]]s are working).<ref name="Colombian music" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=50&COLTEM=222|title=Ritmos – Meta|publisher=sinic.gov.co|language=es|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524083313/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=50&COLTEM=222|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=85&COLTEM=222|title=Ritmos – Casanare|publisher=sinic.gov.co|language=es|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524083348/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=85&COLTEM=222|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/8|title=Músicas Llaneras|publisher=territoriosonoro.org|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808030949/http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/8|archive-date=8 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The music of the Amazon region is strongly influenced by the indigenous religious practices. Some of the musical instruments used are the manguaré (a musical instrument of [[ceremonial]] type, consisting of a pair of large [[cylindrical drum]]s), the [[quena]] (melodic instrument), the [[rondador]], the [[conga]]s, [[bell]]s, and different types of flutes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=86&COLTEM=222|title=Ritmos – Putumayo|publisher=sinic.gov.co|language=es|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524114856/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=86&COLTEM=222|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=91&COLTEM=222|title=Ritmos – Amazonas|publisher=sinic.gov.co|language=es|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524114935/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=91&COLTEM=222|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/11|title=Músicas de Frontera|publisher=territoriosonoro.org|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808023614/http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/11|archive-date=8 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The music of the [[Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina]] is usually accompanied by a [[mandolin]], a [[Washtub bass|tub-bass]], a [[Jawbone (instrument)|jawbone]], a guitar and [[maraca]]s. Some popular archipelago rhythms are the [[Schottische]], the [[Calypso music|Calypso]], the [[Polka]] and the [[Mento]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/1|title=Músicas Isleñas|publisher=territoriosonoro.org|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808030939/http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/1|archive-date=8 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=88&COLTEM=222|title=Ritmos – Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina|publisher=sinic.gov.co|language=es|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524084024/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=88&COLTEM=222|url-status=dead}}</ref>