Editing College (section)

==Europe==
===Greece===
'''''Kollegio''''' (in [[Greek language|Greek]] Κολλέγιο) refers to the Centers of Post-Lyceum Education (in Greek Κέντρο Μεταλυκειακής Εκπαίδευσης, abbreviated as KEME), which are principally private and belong to the Greek post-secondary education system. Some of them have links to EU or US higher education institutions or accreditation organizations, such as the [[New England Association of Schools and Colleges|NEASC]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://cihe.neasc.org/search/node/hellenic|title=Search|newspaper=Colleges & Universities (CIHE) / Commission on Institutions of Higher Education|access-date=2016-12-06|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320145717/https://cihe.neasc.org/search/node/hellenic|archive-date=20 March 2018}}</ref> ''Kollegio'' (or ''Kollegia'' in plural) may also refer to private non-tertiary schools, such as the [[Athens College]].

===Ireland===
{{See also|Third-level education in the Republic of Ireland}}
[[File:Trinity college front square cropped.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|right|Parliament Square, [[Trinity College Dublin]] in [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] ]]
In [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] the term "college" is normally used to describe an institution of tertiary education. University students often say they attend "college" rather than "university". Until 1989, no university provided teaching or research directly; they were formally offered by a constituent college of the university.

There are number of secondary education institutions that traditionally used the word "college" in their names: these are either older, private schools (such as [[Belvedere College]], [[Gonzaga College]], [[Castleknock College]], and [[St Michael's College, Dublin|St. Michael's College]]) or what were formerly a particular kind of secondary school. These secondary schools, formerly known as "technical colleges," were renamed "community colleges," but remain secondary schools.

The country's only [[ancient university]] is the [[University of Dublin]]. Created during the reign of [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]], it is modelled on the collegiate universities of Cambridge and Oxford. However, only one constituent college was ever founded, hence the curious position of [[Trinity College Dublin]] today; although both are usually considered one and the same, the university and college are completely distinct corporate entities with separate and parallel governing structures.

Among more modern foundations, the [[National University of Ireland]], founded in 1908, consisted of constituent colleges and recognised colleges until 1997. The former are now referred to as constituent universities – institutions that are essentially universities in their own right. The National University can trace its existence back to 1850 and the creation of the [[Queen's University of Ireland]] and the creation of the [[Catholic University of Ireland]] in 1854. From 1880, the degree awarding roles of these two universities was taken over by the [[Royal University of Ireland]], which remained until the creation of the National University in 1908 and [[Queen's University Belfast]].

The state's two new universities, [[Dublin City University]] and [[University of Limerick]], were initially [[National Institute for Higher Education]] institutions. These institutions offered university level academic degrees and research from the start of their existence and were awarded university status in 1989 in recognition of this.

Third level technical education in the state has been carried out in the [[Institutes of technology in Ireland|Institutes of Technology]], which were established from the 1970s as Regional Technical Colleges. These institutions have ''delegated authority'' which entitles them to give degrees and diplomas from [[Quality and Qualifications Ireland]] (QQI) in their own names.

A number of private colleges exist such as [[Dublin Business School]], providing undergraduate and postgraduate courses validated by QQI and in some cases by other universities.

Other types of college include colleges of education, such as the [[Church of Ireland College of Education]]. These are specialist institutions, often linked to a university, which provide both undergraduate and postgraduate academic degrees for people who want to train as teachers.

A number of state-funded further education colleges exist – which offer vocational education and training in a range of areas from business studies and [[information and communications technology]] to sports injury therapy. These courses are usually one, two or less often three years in duration and are validated by QQI at Levels 5 or 6, or for the BTEC [[Higher National Diploma]] award, which is a Level 6/7 qualification, validated by [[Edexcel]]. There are numerous private colleges (particularly in Dublin and Limerick)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Private Colleges Dublin|url=https://www.educationinireland.com/en/Where-can-I-study-/View-all-Private-Higher-Education-Institutions/|url-status=live|website=Education in Ireland|access-date=20 July 2021|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720203106/https://www.educationinireland.com/en/Where-can-I-study-/View-all-Private-Higher-Education-Institutions/}}</ref> which offer both further and higher education qualifications. These degrees and diplomas are often certified by foreign universities/international awarding bodies and are aligned to the National Framework of Qualifications at Levels 6, 7 and 8.

===Netherlands===
{{Main|Education in the Netherlands}}
In the Netherlands there are 3 main educational routes after high school.
* MBO (middle-level applied education), which is the equivalent of [[junior college]]. Designed to prepare students for either skilled trades and technical occupations and workers in support roles in professions such as engineering, accountancy, business administration, nursing, medicine, architecture, and criminology or for additional education at another college with more advanced academic material.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.government.nl/topics/secondary-vocational-education-mbo-and-higher-education/secondary-vocational-education-mbo|title=Secondary vocational education (MBO) – Secondary vocational education (MBO) and higher education – Government.nl|first=Cultuur en Wetenschap|last=Ministerie van Onderwijs|date=16 December 2011|website=www.government.nl|access-date=29 June 2020|archive-date=29 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629191331/https://www.government.nl/topics/secondary-vocational-education-mbo-and-higher-education/secondary-vocational-education-mbo|url-status=live}}</ref>
* HBO (higher professional education), which is the equivalent of college and has a professional orientation. After HBO (typically 4–6 years), pupils can enroll in a (professional) master's program (1–2 years) or enter the job market. The HBO is taught in vocational universities (hogescholen), of which there are over 40 in the Netherlands, each of which offers a broad variety of programs, with the exception of some that specialize in arts or agriculture. Note that the hogescholen are not allowed to name themselves university in Dutch. This also stretches to English and therefore HBO institutions are known as [[University of applied sciences |universities of applied sciences]].<ref name="government.nl">{{Cite web|url=https://www.government.nl/topics/secondary-vocational-education-mbo-and-tertiary-higher-education/tertiary-higher-education|title=Tertiary (higher) education |website= Secondary vocational education (MBO) and tertiary (higher) education |publisher = Government.nl|date=16 December 2011|access-date=|archive-date=7 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807211238/https://www.government.nl/topics/secondary-vocational-education-mbo-and-tertiary-higher-education/tertiary-higher-education|url-status=live}}</ref>
* WO (Scientific education), which is the equivalent to university level education and has an academic orientation.<ref name="government.nl"/>

HBO graduates can be awarded two titles, which are Baccalaureus (bc.) and Ingenieur (ing.). At a WO institution, many more bachelor's and master's titles can be awarded. Bachelor's degrees: Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Science (BSc) and Bachelor of Laws (LLB). Master's degrees: Master of Arts (MA), Master of Laws (LLM) and Master of Science (MSc). The PhD title is a research degree awarded upon completion and defense of a doctoral thesis.<ref name="tudelft.nl"/>

===Portugal===
{{Main|Education in Portugal}}
Presently in [[Portugal]], the term ''colégio'' (college) is normally used as a generic reference to a private (non-government) school that provides from [[basic education|basic]] to [[secondary education]]. Many of the private schools include the term ''colégio'' in their name. Some special public schools – usually of the boarding school type – also include the term in their name, with a notable example being the ''[[Colégio Militar]]'' (Military College). The term ''colégio interno'' (literally "internal college") is used specifically as a generic reference to a [[boarding school]].

Until the 19th century, a ''colégio'' was usually a secondary or pre-university school, of public or religious nature, where the students usually lived together. A model for these colleges was the Royal College of Arts and Humanities, founded in [[Coimbra]] by King [[John III of Portugal]] in 1542.

===United Kingdom===
[[File:A view of Birkbeck, University of London.jpg|[[Birkbeck, University of London]]|thumb]]

====Secondary education and further education====
Further education (FE) colleges and [[sixth form college]]s are institutions providing further education to students over 16. Some of these also provide higher education courses (see below).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.educationuk.org/global/articles/further-education-institutions/|title=Further education – Colleges and other institutions|website=Education UK|publisher=[[British Council]]|access-date=28 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119035610/http://www.educationuk.org/global/articles/further-education-institutions/|archive-date=19 January 2017}}</ref> In the context of secondary education, 'college' is used in the names of some private schools, e.g. [[Eton College]] and [[Winchester College]].

====Higher education====
{{See also|Colleges within universities in the United Kingdom|Residential college|University college#United Kingdom}}

In higher education, a college is normally a provider that does not hold university status, although it can also refer to a constituent part of a [[collegiate university|collegiate or federal university]] or a grouping of academic [[faculty (division)|faculties]] or departments within a university. Traditionally the distinction between colleges and universities was that colleges did not award degrees while universities did, but this is no longer the case with [[Newcastle College#NCG|NCG]] having gained taught degree awarding powers (the same as some universities) on behalf of its colleges,<ref>{{cite news|title=Newcastle education group to become first in the country to award its own degree courses|date=29 June 2016|work=ChronicleLive|url=http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/newcastle-education-group-become-first-11539127|author=Keiran Southern|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918192508/http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/newcastle-education-group-become-first-11539127|archive-date=18 September 2016}}</ref> and many of the [[colleges of the University of London]] holding full degree awarding powers and being effectively universities. Most colleges, however, do not hold their own degree awarding powers and continue to offer higher education courses that are validated by universities or other institutions that can award degrees.

In England, {{as of|2016|August|lc=y}}, over 60% of the higher education providers directly funded by [[HEFCE]] (208/340) are sixth-form or further education colleges, often termed colleges of further and higher education, along with 17 colleges of the University of London, one [[university college]], 100 universities, and 14 other providers (six of which use 'college' in their name). Overall, this means over two-thirds of state-supported higher education providers in England are colleges of one form or another.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hefce.ac.uk/reg/register/search/Overview|title=Overview|website=Register of HE providers|publisher=[[HEFCE]]|access-date=28 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903141438/http://www.hefce.ac.uk/reg/register/search/Overview|archive-date=3 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hefce.ac.uk/reg/register/getthedata/|title=Get the data|website=Register of HE providers|publisher=[[HEFCE]]|access-date=28 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911010828/http://www.hefce.ac.uk/reg/register/getthedata/|archive-date=11 September 2016}}</ref> Many private providers are also called colleges, e.g. the [[New College of the Humanities]] and [[St Patrick's College, London]].

Colleges within universities vary immensely in their responsibilities. The large constituent colleges of the [[University of London]] are effectively universities in their own right; colleges in some universities, including those of the [[University of the Arts London]] and smaller colleges of the [[University of London]], run their own degree courses but do not award degrees; those at the [[University of Roehampton]] provide accommodation and pastoral care as well as delivering the teaching on university courses; those at [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] and [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]] deliver some teaching on university courses as well as providing accommodation and pastoral care; and those in [[Durham University|Durham]], [[University of Kent|Kent]], [[Lancaster University|Lancaster]] and [[University of York|York]] provide accommodation and pastoral care but do not normally participate in formal teaching. The legal status of these colleges also varies widely, with University of London colleges being independent corporations and recognised bodies, Oxbridge colleges, colleges of the [[University of the Highlands and Islands]] (UHI) and some Durham colleges being independent corporations and listed bodies, most Durham colleges being owned by the university but still listed bodies, and those of other collegiate universities not having formal recognition. When applying for undergraduate courses through [[UCAS]], University of London colleges are treated as independent providers, colleges of Oxford, Cambridge, Durham and UHI are treated as locations within the universities that can be selected by specifying a 'campus code' in addition to selecting the university, and colleges of other universities are not recognised.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://search.ucas.com|title=Search courses|publisher=UCAS|access-date=28 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826142005/http://search.ucas.com/|archive-date=26 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://collegiateway.org/news/2004-durham-colleges|title=The Collegiate System at the University of Durham|author=R. J. O'Hara|publisher=The Collegiate Way|date=20 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2016|archive-date=6 October 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061006082139/http://collegiateway.org/news/2004-durham-colleges|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/2993/made|title=The Education (Listed Bodies) (England) Order 2013|date=27 November 2013|website=Legislation.gov.uk|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150731221856/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/2993/made|archive-date=31 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/2992/made|title=The Education (Recognised Bodies) (England) Order 2013|date=27 November 2013|website=Legislation.gov.uk|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160831060828/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/2992/made|archive-date=31 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ucas.com/sites/default/files/institution-and-campus-codes.xls|title=List of institution and campus codes|publisher=UCAS|access-date=28 August 2016|format=XLS|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919145239/https://www.ucas.com/sites/default/files/institution-and-campus-codes.xls|archive-date=19 September 2016}}</ref>

The UHI and the [[University of Wales Trinity Saint David]] (UWTSD) both include further education colleges. However, while the UHI colleges integrate FE and HE provision, UWTSD maintains a separation between the university campuses (Lampeter, Carmarthen and Swansea) and the two colleges (''Coleg Sir Gâr'' and ''Coleg Ceredigion''; n.b. ''coleg'' is [[Welsh language|Welsh]] for college), which although part of the same group are treated as separate institutions rather than colleges within the university.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uhi.ac.uk/en/about-uhi|title=About UHI|publisher=University of the Highlands and Islands|access-date=28 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920174551/https://www.uhi.ac.uk/en/about-uhi|archive-date=20 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uwtsd.ac.uk/about/uwtsd-group/|title=UWTSD Group|publisher=University of Wales Trinity Saint David|access-date=28 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919202104/http://www.uwtsd.ac.uk/about/uwtsd-group/|archive-date=19 September 2016}}</ref>

A [[University college#United Kingdom|university college]] is an independent institution with the power to award taught degrees, but which has not been granted university status. University College is a protected title that can only be used with permission, although note that [[University College London]], [[University College, Oxford]] and [[University College, Durham]] are colleges within their respective universities and not university colleges (in the case of UCL holding full degree awarding powers that set it above a university college), while [[University College Birmingham]] is a university in its own right and also not a university college.