Editing Civil rights movement (section)

==== Kerner Commission ====
The riots confounded many civil rights activists of both races due to the recent passage of major civil rights legislation. They also caused a backlash among Northern whites, many of whom stopped supporting civil rights causes.<ref>Mackenzie and Weisbrot (2008), pp. 337–338</ref> President Johnson formed the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, informally known as the [[Kerner Commission]], on July 28, 1967 to explore the causes behind the recurring outbreaks of urban civil disorder.<ref>Mackenzie and Weisbrot (2008), p. 335</ref><ref name=africanaonline>{{cite web|url=http://www.africanaonline.com/reports_kerner.htm |author=Toonari |title=Kerner Report |website=Africana Online |access-date=23 November 2009 |archive-date= 7 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107022536/http://www.africanaonline.com/reports_kerner.htm |url-status=usurped }}</ref> The commission's scope included the 164 disorders occurring in the first nine months of 1967. The president had directed them, in simple words, to document what happened, find out why it happened, and find out how to prevent it.<ref name="Johnson1967Remarks">{{cite web |last=Johnson |first=Lyndon B. |author-link=Lyndon B. Johnson |date=July 29, 1967 |editor1-last=Woolley |editor1-first=John T. |editor2-last=Peters |editor2-first=Gerhard |title=Remarks Upon Signing Order Establishing the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders |url=https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/238046 |website=The American Presidency Project |publisher=University of California |location=Santa Barbara, CA}}</ref>

The commission's 1968 report identified police practices, unemployment and underemployment, and lack of adequate housing as the most significant grievances motivating the rage.<ref name=kerner>{{cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/1968-kerner-commission-got-it-right-nobody-listened-180968318/|title=The 1968 Kerner Commission Got It Right, But Nobody Listened|author=Alice George}}</ref> It suggested legislative measures to promote racial integration and alleviate poverty and concluded that the nation was "moving toward two societies, one black, one white—separate and unequal."<ref name=kernerreport>{{cite web| title="Our Nation Is Moving Toward Two Societies, One Black, One White—Separate and Unequal": Excerpts from the Kerner Report| url=http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6545/| publisher=American Social History Productions| work=History Matters: The U.S. Survey Course on the Web| others=Source: United States. Kerner Commission, Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1968)| access-date=July 12, 2017}}</ref> The president, fixated on the Vietnam War and keenly aware of budgetary constraints, barely acknowledged the report.<ref name=LHS67>{{cite book| last=McLaughlin| first=Malcolm| title=The Long, Hot Summer of 1967: Urban Rebellion in America| date=2014| publisher=Palgrave Macmillan| location=New York City| isbn=978-1-137-26963-8|pages=1–9; 40–41| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QI17AwAAQBAJ&q=%22long+hot+summer%22+1967&pg=PA1}}</ref>