Editing Cigarette (section)

=== Solution and remediation projects ===
[[File:Buttout.jpg|thumb|right|A cigarette disposal canister, encouraging the public to dispose of their cigarettes properly]]
Several options are available to help reduce the environmental effects of cigarette butts. Proper disposal into [[Cigarette receptacle|receptacle]]s leads to decreased numbers found in the environment and their effect on the environment. Another method is making fines and penalties for littering filters; many governments have sanctioned stiff penalties for littering of cigarette filters; for example, [[Washington (state)|Washington]] imposes a penalty of $1,025 for littering cigarette filters.<ref>{{cite web
 |date = June 1, 2004
 |url              = http://www.ecy.wa.gov/news/2004news/2004-097.html
 |publisher        = State of Washington Department of Ecology
 |location         = Washington
 |title            = Accidents, fires: Price of littering goes beyond fines
 |access-date      = May 6, 2009
 |archive-url      = https://web.archive.org/web/20091012100713/http://www.ecy.wa.gov/news/2004news/2004-097.html
 |archive-date     = October 12, 2009
 }}</ref> Another option is developing better biodegradable filters; much of this work relies heavily on the research in the secondary mechanism for photodegradation as stated above, but a new research group has developed an acid tablet that goes inside the filters, and once wet enough, releases acid that speeds up the degradation to around two weeks.<ref>{{cite web| date = August 14, 2012| url = http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/newscience/2012/06/2012-0725-biodegradable-cigarette-filters| title = No more butts: biodegradable filters a step to boot litter problem| publisher = Environmental Health News| access-date = November 25, 2014| archive-date = November 29, 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141129225410/http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/newscience/2012/06/2012-0725-biodegradable-cigarette-filters| url-status = live}}</ref> The research is still only in test phase and the hope is soon it will go into production. The next option is using cigarette packs with a compartment in which to discard cigarette butts, implementing monetary deposits on filters, increasing the availability of butt receptacles, and expanding public education. It may even be possible to ban the sale of filtered cigarettes altogether on the basis of their adverse environmental effects.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Cigarette Butts and the Case for an Environmental Policy on Hazardous Cigarette Waste |journal = International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health|volume = 6|issue = 5|pages = 1691–1705|doi = 10.3390/ijerph6051691|pmid = 19543415|pmc = 2697937|year = 2009|last1 = Novotny|first1 = Thomas|last2 = Lum|first2 = Kristen|last3 = Smith|first3 = Elizabeth|last4 = Wang|first4 = Vivian|last5 = Barnes|first5 = Richard|doi-access = free}}</ref> Recent research has been put into finding ways to use the filter waste to develop a desired product. One research group in South Korea has developed a simple one-step process that converts the cellulose acetate in discarded cigarette filters into a high-performing material that could be integrated into computers, handheld devices, electrical vehicles, and wind turbines to store energy. These materials have demonstrated superior performance as compared to commercially available carbon, grapheme, and carbon [[carbon nanotube|nanotubes]]. The product is showing high promise as a green alternative for the waste problem.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Minzae L, Gil-Pyo K, Hyeon DS, Soomin P, Jongheop Y |s2cid=8692351 |title=Preparation of energy storage material derived from a used cigarette filter for a supercapacitor electrode |journal= Nanotechnology|volume=25 |issue=34 |page=34 |date=2014 |doi=10.1088/0957-4484/25/34/345601 |pmid=25092115 |bibcode=2014Nanot..25H5601L |doi-access=free }}</ref>
<!-- == Prices ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"|
|-
!nowrap|'''Country/Territory'''
!nowrap|'''USD/20 pack'''
!nowrap|'''€/20 pack'''
!nowrap|'''Local currency/20 pack'''
!nowrap|'''Date of price'''
!nowrap|'''Sources'''
|-
|Ireland
|10.50
|10.00
|€10.00
|2012-07-16
|[http://www.independent.ie/business/budget/exclusive-price-of-cigarettes-to-rise-to-10-a-pack-30662237.html]
|-
|United Kingdom
|12
|9.40
|£7.50
|2012-03-21
|[https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/mar/21/budget-2012-hits-smokers-37p]
|-
|New Zealand
|13.13
|10.10
|NZ$16
|2013-01-01
|[http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/8123959/Smokers-not-put-off-by-price-hike]
|-
|Philippines
|1
|0.75
|Php.50
|2013-06-05
|-
|Poland
|4.75
|3.70
|15.50 PLN
|2013-05-18
|[http://www.fakt.pl/Papierosy-drozeja-Ceny-fajek-w-gore-Ile-kosztuja-papierosy-Ceny-papierosow-Podwyzka-papierosow-Akcyza-na-papierosy-w-gore-,artykuly,178454,1.html]
|-
|U.S. ([[New York]])
|12.50
|9.80
|$12.50
|2012-06-26
|[http://www.theawl.com/2012/06/pack-of-cigarettes-cost]
|-
|U.S. ([[Virginia]])
|4.60
|3.50
|$4.56
|2013-04-11
|[http://dcist.com/2013/04/with_proposed_tax_cigarette_prices.php]
|-
|Australia
|17.80
|14.10
|A$20 (A$25/ 25 pack)
|2014-08-31
|[https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/a-dollar-to-light-up-smokers-brace-for-another-jump-in-tobacco-excise-20140831-10aln2.html]
|-
|Norway
|15.50
|12.20
|NOK90
|2012-05-12
|[http://www.newsinenglish.no/2012/05/14/duty-free-tobacco-comes-under-fire/]
|-
|Singapore
|10
|8
|$12.00
|2014-09-25
|[http://www.expatistan.com/price/cigarretes/singapore]
|-
|Malaysia
|3.97
|3.10
|13.00 RM
|2014-09-25
|[http://www.expatistan.com/price/cigarretes/kuala-lumpur]
|-
|South Africa
|3.11
|2.33
|R31.00
|2013-06-14
|[http://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/country_result.jsp?country=South+Africa]
|-
|Thailand
|2.15
|1.55
|Baht 65.00
|2014-09-02
|
|-
|Canada ([[Manitoba]])
|10.75
|7.92
|C$11.20 ($14/25 pack)
C$9.60 (20 pack) British Columbia
|
|
|-
|Indonesia
|1.59
|1.24
|Rp 19,075
|2014-09-25
|[http://www.expatistan.com/price/cigarretes/jakarta]
|-
|Romania
|4.4
|3.4
|15 RON
|2014-09-09
|[http://www.carrefour-online.ro/bauturi_si_tutun/tigari/]
|-
|India
|2.9
|2.57
|INR 220
|2015-01-21
|[http://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/country_result.jsp?country=India]
|} -->