Editing Cardiac arrest (section)

==Society and culture==
===Names===
In many publications, the stated or implicit meaning of "sudden cardiac death" is sudden [[death]] from cardiac causes.<ref name="Dorland-2019">{{Cite book| vauthors = Dorland WA |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1134470998|title=Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary.|date=9 December 2019|publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-1-4557-5643-8|oclc=1134470998}}</ref> Some physicians call cardiac arrest "sudden cardiac death" even if the person survives. Thus one can hear mentions of "prior episodes of sudden cardiac death" in a living person.<ref name="Porter-2008">{{cite journal | vauthors = Porter I, Vacek J | title = Single ventricle with persistent truncus arteriosus as two rare entities in an adult patient: a case report | journal = Journal of Medical Case Reports | volume = 2 | pages = 184 | date = May 2008 | pmid = 18513397 | pmc = 2424060 | doi = 10.1186/1752-1947-2-184 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

In 2021, the American Heart Association clarified that "heart attack" is often mistakenly used to describe cardiac arrest. While a heart attack refers to death of heart muscle tissue as a result of blood supply loss, cardiac arrest is caused when the [[Electrical conduction system of the heart|heart's electrical system]] malfunctions. Furthermore, the American Heart Association explains that "if corrective measures are not taken rapidly, this condition progresses to sudden death. Cardiac arrest should be used to signify an event as described above, that is reversed, usually by CPR and/or [[defibrillation]] or [[cardioversion]], or [[Artificial cardiac pacemaker|cardiac pacing]]. Sudden cardiac death should not be used to describe events that are not fatal".<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Virani SS, Alonso A, Aparicio HJ, Benjamin EJ, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, Chamberlain AM, Cheng S, Delling FN, Elkind MS, Evenson KR, Ferguson JF, Gupta DK, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Lee CD, Lewis TT, Liu J, Loop MS, Lutsey PL, Ma J, Mackey J, Martin SS, Matchar DB, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Perak AM, Roth GA, Samad Z, Satou GM, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Shay CM, Stokes A, VanWagner LB, Wang NY, Tsao CW | display-authors = 6 | title = Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2021 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association | journal = Circulation | volume = 143 | issue = 8 | pages = e254–e743 | date = February 2021 | pmid = 33501848 | doi = 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000950 | s2cid = 231762900 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

===Slow code===
A "[[slow code]]" is a slang term for the practice of deceptively delivering sub-optimal [[Cardiopulmonary resuscitation|CPR]] to a person in cardiac arrest, when CPR is considered to have no medical benefit.<ref name="Primož">{{Cite book| vauthors = Primož P, Gräsner GD, Semeraro JT, Olasveengen F, Soar T, Lott J, Van de Voorde C, Madar P, Zideman J, Mentzelopoulos DA, Gradišek S |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1258336024|title=European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021 : executive summary|oclc=1258336024}}</ref> A "show code" is the practice of faking the response altogether for the sake of the person's family.<ref>{{cite news|date=22 August 1987|title=Slow Codes, Show Codes and Death|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/22/opinion/slow-codes-show-codes-and-death.html|url-status=live|access-date=2013-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518042545/http://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/22/opinion/slow-codes-show-codes-and-death.html|archive-date=18 May 2013}}</ref>

Such practices are ethically controversial<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = DePalma JA, Ozanich E, Miller S, Yancich LM | title = "Slow" code: perspectives of a physician and critical care nurse | journal = Critical Care Nursing Quarterly | volume = 22 | issue = 3 | pages = 89–97 | date = November 1999 | pmid = 10646457 | doi = 10.1097/00002727-199911000-00014 | url = http://www.nursingcenter.com/lnc/journalarticle?Article_ID=437848 | url-status = dead | publisher = [[Lippincott Williams and Wilkins]] | access-date = 2013-04-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130328192748/http://www.nursingcenter.com/lnc/journalarticle?Article_ID=437848 | archive-date = 2013-03-28 }}</ref> and are banned in some jurisdictions. The European Resuscitation Council Guidelines released a statement in 2021 that clinicians are not suggested to participate/take part in "slow codes".<ref name="Primož" /> According to the American College of Physicians, half-hearted resuscitation efforts are deceptive and should not be performed by physicians or nurses.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sulmasy LS, Bledsoe TA | title = American College of Physicians Ethics Manual: Seventh Edition | journal = Annals of Internal Medicine | volume = 170 | issue = 2_Suppl | pages = S1–S32 | date = January 2019 | pmid = 30641552 | doi = 10.7326/M18-2160 | s2cid = 58004782 }}</ref>