Editing Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (section)

===Behavioural therapies===
There is good evidence for the use of [[behavioural therapy|behavioural therapies]] in ADHD. They are the recommended first-line treatment in those who have mild symptoms or who are preschool-aged.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Fabiano GA, Pelham WE, Coles EK, Gnagy EM, Chronis-Tuscano A, O'Connor BC |title=A meta-analysis of behavioral treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder |journal=[[Clinical Psychology Review]] |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=129–140 |date=March 2009 |pmid=19131150 |doi=10.1016/j.cpr.2008.11.001 |quote=there is strong and consistent evidence that behavioral treatments are effective for treating ADHD. |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Clinics09">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kratochvil CJ, Vaughan BS, Barker A, Corr L, Wheeler A, Madaan V |title=Review of pediatric attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder for the general psychiatrist |journal=[[Psychiatric Clinics of North America]] |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=39–56 |date=March 2009 |pmid=19248915 |doi=10.1016/j.psc.2008.10.001}}</ref> Psychological therapies used include: [[psychoeducation]]al input, behavior therapy, [[cognitive behavioral therapy]],<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lopez PL, Torrente FM, Ciapponi A, Lischinsky AG, Cetkovich-Bakmas M, Rojas JI, Romano M, Manes FF |title=Cognitive-behavioural interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults |journal=[[The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews]] |volume=2018 |issue=3 |pages=CD010840 |date=March 2018 |pmid=29566425 |pmc=6494390 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD010840.pub2}}</ref> [[interpersonal psychotherapy]], [[family therapy]], school-based interventions, social skills training, behavioural peer intervention, organisation training,<ref name="Evans2014">{{cite journal |vauthors=Evans SW, Owens JS, Bunford N |title=Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder |journal=[[Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology]] |volume=43 |issue=4 |pages=527–551 |date=2014 |pmid=24245813 |pmc=4025987 |doi=10.1080/15374416.2013.850700}}</ref> and [[parent management training]].<ref name="NICE 2009" /> [[Neurofeedback]] has greater treatment effects than non-active controls for up to 6 months and possibly a year following treatment, and may have treatment effects comparable to active controls (controls proven to have a clinical effect) over that time period.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Van Doren J, Arns M, Heinrich H, Vollebregt MA, Strehl U, K Loo S |title=Sustained effects of neurofeedback in ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=[[European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry]] |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=293–305 |date=March 2019 |pmid=29445867 |pmc=6404655 |doi=10.1007/s00787-018-1121-4 |publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC}}</ref> Despite efficacy in research, there is insufficient regulation of neurofeedback practice, leading to ineffective applications and false claims regarding innovations.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Enriquez-Geppert S, Smit D, Pimenta MG, Arns M |title=Neurofeedback as a Treatment Intervention in ADHD: Current Evidence and Practice |journal=[[Current Psychiatry Reports]] |volume=21 |issue=6 |page=46 |date=May 2019 |pmid=31139966 |pmc=6538574 |doi=10.1007/s11920-019-1021-4 |publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC}}</ref> Parent training may improve a number of behavioural problems including oppositional and non-compliant behaviours.<ref name="Dal2017">{{cite journal |vauthors=Daley D, Van Der Oord S, Ferrin M, Cortese S, Danckaerts M, Doepfner M, Van den Hoofdakker BJ, Coghill D, Thompson M, Asherson P, Banaschewski T, Brandeis D, Buitelaar J, Dittmann RW, Hollis C, Holtmann M, Konofal E, Lecendreux M, Rothenberger A, Santosh P, Simonoff E, Soutullo C, Steinhausen HC, Stringaris A, Taylor E, Wong IC, Zuddas A, Sonuga-Barke EJ |title=Practitioner Review: Current best practice in the use of parent training and other behavioural interventions in the treatment of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |journal=[[Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry|Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines]] |volume=59 |issue=9 |pages=932–947 |date=September 2018 |pmid=29083042 |doi=10.1111/jcpp.12825 |url=http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/45391/ |access-date=21 November 2018 |publisher=Wiley |url-status=live |hdl=11343/293788 |s2cid=31044370 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925140540/http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/45391/ |archive-date=25 September 2017 |hdl-access=free}}</ref>

There is little high-quality research on the effectiveness of family therapy for ADHD—but the existing evidence shows that it is similar to community care, and better than placebo.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Bjornstad G, Montgomery P |title=Family therapy for attention-deficit disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents |journal=[[The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews]] |issue=2 |pages=CD005042 |date=April 2005 |pmid=15846741 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD005042.pub2 |veditors=Bjornstad GJ |s2cid=27339381}}</ref> ADHD-specific support groups can provide information and may help families cope with ADHD.<ref name="Brain encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia |vauthors=Turkington C, Harris J |title=Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |url={{google books|6hbKkynRxPYC |page=42|plainurl=yes}} |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of the Brain and Brain Disorders |year=2009 |publisher=[[Infobase Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-4381-2703-3 |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=6hbKkynRxPYC&pg=PA47 47] |via=Google Books}}</ref>

Social skills training, behavioural modification, and medication may have some limited beneficial effects in peer relationships. Stable, high-quality friendships with [[Deviance (sociology)|non-deviant]] peers protect against later psychological problems.<ref name="pmid20490677">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mikami AY |title=The importance of friendship for youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder |journal=[[Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review]] |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=181–198 |date=June 2010 |pmid=20490677 |pmc=2921569 |doi=10.1007/s10567-010-0067-y}}</ref>