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=== Bibliography === {{refbegin|30em}} *{{Cite journal|last=Albenda|first=Pauline|date=2018|title=Royal Gardens, Parks, and the Architecture Within: Assyrian Views|journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society|volume=138|issue=1|pages=105–120|doi=10.7817/jameroriesoci.138.1.0105|jstor=10.7817/jameroriesoci.138.1.0105|doi-access=free}} *{{Cite book|last=Aberbach|first=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t0qHDAAAQBAJ|title=Major Turning Points in Jewish Intellectual History|publisher=Palgrave MacMillan|year=2003|isbn=978-1403917669|location=New York}} *{{Cite journal|last=Aissaoui|first=Alex|date=2018|title=The Amarna diplomacy in IR perspective:a system of states in the making |s2cid-access=free |journal=Estudos Internacionais|volume=6|issue=2|pages=9–29|doi=10.5752/P.2317-773X.2018v6n2p9|s2cid=158689222|issn=2317-773X|doi-access=free}} *{{cite book|last=Akopian|first=Arman|title=Introduction to Aramean and Syriac Studies|publisher=Gorgias Press|year=2017|isbn=978-1463238933|location=Piscataway}} *{{harvc|last=Bagg|first=Ariel|year=2017|in=Frahm|c=Assyrian Technology}} *{{Cite journal|last=Bahrani|first=Zainab|author-link=Zainab Bahrani |date=2006|title=Race and Ethnicity in Mesopotamian Antiquity |journal=World Archaeology|volume=38|issue=1|pages=48–59|doi=10.1080/00438240500509843|jstor=40023594 |s2cid=144093611}} *{{cite book|last=Becker|first=Adam H.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DbTtBgAAQBAJ|title=Revival and Awakening: American Evangelical Missionaries in Iran and the Origins of Assyrian Nationalism|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=2015|isbn=978-0226145280|location=Chicago}} *{{Cite book|last=Bedford|first=Peter R.|title=The Dynamics of Ancient Empires: State Power from Assyria to Byzantium|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-19-537158-1|editor-last=Morris|editor-first=Ian|location=Oxford|chapter=The Neo-Assyrian Empire|editor-last2=Scheidel|editor-first2=Walter}} *{{Cite book|last=Benjamen|first=Alda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_IxVEAAAQBAJ|title=Assyrians in Modern Iraq: Negotiating Political and Cultural Space|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2022|isbn=978-1108838795|location=Cambridge}} *{{cite book|last=Bertman|first=Stephen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1C4NKp4zgIQC|title=Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2003|isbn=978-0195183641|location=New York}} *{{Cite book|last=BetGivargis-McDaniel|first=Maegan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K2XctSfgPTEC|title=Assyrians of New Britain|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|year=2007|isbn=978-0738550121|location=Charleston}} * {{Cite journal|last=Biggs|first=Robert D.|title=My Career in Assyriology and Near Eastern Archaeology|journal=Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies|year=2005|volume=19|number=1|pages=1–23|url=http://www.jaas.org/edocs/v19n1/Biggs-Biography-final.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227130515/http://www.jaas.org/edocs/v19n1/Biggs-Biography-final.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2008-02-27}} *{{cite book|last=Breasted|first=James Henry|title=The Conquest of Civilization|publisher=Harper & Brothers Publishers|year=1926|location=New York|oclc=653024}} *{{harvc|last=Butts|first=Aaron Michael|year=2017|in=Frahm|c=Assyrian Christians}} *{{cite book|last=Cameron|first=Averil|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=59c6PSa5JCAC|title=The Byzantines|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4051-9833-2|location=Oxford}} *{{Cite book|last=Cassidy|first=Edward Idris|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TU0Xc1O3CpgC|title=Ecumenism and Interreligious Dialogue: Unitatis Redintegratio, Nostra Aetate|publisher=Paulist Press|year=2005|isbn=0-8091-4338-0|location=Mahwah}} *{{cite book|last=Chavalas|first=Mark|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qYudy66ymrUC|title=Faith, Tradition, and History: Old Testament Historiography in Its Near Eastern Context|publisher=Eisenbrauns|year=1994|isbn=0-931464-82-X|editor-last=Millard|editor-first=A. R.|location=Winona Lake|chapter=Genealogical History as "Charter": A Study of Old Babylonian Period Historiography and the Old Testament|editor-last2=Hoffmeier|editor-first2=James K.|editor-last3=Baker|editor-first3=David W.}} *{{cite book|last=Chen|first=Fei|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N3znDwAAQBAJ|title=Study on the Synchronistic King List from Ashur|publisher=BRILL|year=2020|isbn=978-9004430914|location=Leiden}} *{{harvc|last=Dalley|first=Stephanie|year=2017|in=Frahm|c=Assyrian Warfare}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Akkadian|encyclopedia=Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World|publisher=Elsevier|location=Oxford|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2SRqDzB50wC|last=Deutscher|first=G. |isbn=978-0-08-087774-7}} * {{cite book|last=Donabed|first=Sargon George|chapter=Persistent Perseverence: A Trajectory of Assyrian History in the Modern Age|title=Routledge Handbook of Minorities in the Middle East|editor-last=Rowe|editor-first=Paul S.|year=2019|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=taxvDwAAQBAJ |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1138649040|location=London}} *{{cite book|last=Düring|first=Bleda S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1NLKDwAAQBAJ|title=The Imperialisation of Assyria: An Archaeological Approach|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2020|isbn=978-1108478748|location=Cambridge}} *{{cite encyclopaedia|title=Osroëne|encyclopaedia=The Oxford Classical Dictionary|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199545568.001.0001/acref-9780199545568-e-4620?rskey=tBMgE4&result=2|date=2012|editor-last1=Hornblower|editor-first1=Simon|edition=4|isbn=978-0-19-954556-8|last2=Gray|first2=Eric William|last3=Sherwin-White|first3=Susan Mary|last1=Drower|editor-first3=Esther|editor-last3=Eidinow|first1=Margaret Stephana|editor-last2=Spawforth|editor-first2=Antony}} *{{Cite book|last=Elayi|first=Josette|title=Sargon II, King of Assyria|publisher=SBL Press|year=2017 |isbn=978-1628371772 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TsctDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Sargon+II%22&pg=PP1}} *{{cite journal|last=Eppihimer|first=Melissa|year=2013|title=Representing Ashur: The Old Assyrian Rulers' Seals and Their Ur III Prototype|journal=Journal of Near Eastern Studies|volume=72|issue=1|pages=35–49 |doi=10.1086/669098 |jstor=10.1086/669098|s2cid=162825616}} *{{harvc|last=Fales|first=Frederick Mario|year=2017|in=Frahm|c=Assyrian Legal Traditions}} *{{Cite book|last=Filoni|first=Fernando|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xp8rDwAAQBAJ|title=The Church in Iraq|publisher=The Catholic University of America Press|year=2017|isbn=978-0813229652|location=Washington, D.C.}} *{{harvc|last=Fincke|first=Jeanette C.|year=2017|in=Frahm|c=Assyrian Scholarship and Scribal Culture in Kalḫu and Nineveh}} *{{Cite book|last=Fink|first=Sebastian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJb-DwAAQBAJ|title=The Routledge Companion to Women and Monarchy in the Ancient Mediterranean World|publisher=Routledge|year=2020 |isbn=978-0429434105 |editor-last=Carney|editor-first=Elizabeth D.|location=London|chapter=Invisible Mesopotamian royal women?|pages=137–148|doi=10.4324/9780429434105-15|s2cid=224979097|editor-last2=Müller |editor-first2=Sabine|chapter-url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429434105-15/invisible-mesopotamian-royal-women-sebastian-fink|name-list-style=amp}} *{{Cite book|last=Foster|first=Benjamin R.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O680CwAAQBAJ|title=The Age of Agade: Inventing Empire in Ancient Mesopotamia|publisher=Routledge|year=2016|isbn=978-1315686561 |location=Oxford}} *{{cite book|editor-last=Frahm|editor-first=Eckart|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nhsmDwAAQBAJ |title=A Companion to Assyria|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2017|isbn=978-1118325247|location=Hoboken}} *{{harvc|last=Frahm|first=Eckart|anchor-year=2017a|year=2017|in=Frahm|c=Introduction}} *{{harvc|last=Frahm|first=Eckart|anchor-year=2017b|year=2017|in=Frahm|c=The Neo-Assyrian Period (ca. 1000–609 BCE)}} *{{cite book|last=Frahm|first=Eckart |title=Assyria: The Rise and Fall of the World's First Empire |location= London |publisher=Bloomsbury |year=2023 |isbn=978-1-526-62381-2}} *{{cite book|last=Garfinkle|first=Steven J.|title=Current Issues and the Study of the Ancient Near East|publisher=Regina Books|year=2007|isbn=978-1930053465|editor-last=Rubio|editor-first=Gonzalo |series=Publications of the Association of Ancient Historians|location=Claremont|chapter=The Assyrians: A New Look at an Ancient Power|editor-last2=Garfinkle|editor-first2=Steven J.|editor-last3=Beckman |editor-first3=Gary|editor-last4=Snell|editor-first4=Daniel C.|editor-last5=Chavalas|editor-first5=Mark W.}} *{{Cite book|last1=Gaunt|first1=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F9E9DQAAQBAJ|title=Let Them Not Return: Sayfo – The Genocide Against the Assyrian, Syriac, and Chaldean Christians in the Ottoman Empire |last2=Atto |first2=Naures|last3=Barthoma|first3=Soner O.|publisher=Berghahn|year=2017|isbn=978-1785334986 |location=New York}} *{{cite book|last=Gerster|first=Georg|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7cdfUfxDcTsC|title=The Past from Above: Aerial Photographs of Archaeological Sites|publisher=J. Paul Getty Museum|year=2005 |isbn=978-0892368174 |location=Los Angeles}} *{{Cite book|last=Haider|first=Peter W.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KgVD3WL0vAsC|title=The Variety of Local Religious Life in the Near East: In the Hellenistic and Roman Periods|publisher=BRILL |year=2008|isbn=978-9004167353|editor-last=Kaizer|editor-first=Ted|location=Leiden|chapter=Tradition and change in the beliefs at Assur, Nineveh and Nisibis between 300 BC and AD 300}} *{{Cite book|last1=Harper|first1=Prudence O.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LSaeT9CloGIC |title=Assyrian Origins: Discoveries at Ashur on the Tigris: Antiquities in the Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin|last2=Klengel-Brandt|first2=Evelyn|last3=Aruz|first3=Joan|last4=Benzel|first4=Kim |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|year=1995|isbn=0-87099-743-2|location=New York}} *{{harvc|last=Hauser|first=Stefan R.|year=2017|in=Frahm|c=Post-Imperial Assyria}} *{{harvc|last=Heeßel|first=Nils P.|year=2017|in=Frahm|c=Assyrian Scholarship and Scribal Culture in Ashur}} *{{cite book|last=Jackson|first=Cailah|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LngxEAAAQBAJ|title=Islamic Manuscripts of Late Medieval Rum, 1270s–1370s: Production, Patronage and the Arts of the Book|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2020|isbn=978-1474451505|location=Edinburgh}} *{{cite book|last=Jacobsen|first=Douglas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_ArEAAAQBAJ|title=The World's Christians: Who They Are, Where They Are, and How They Got There|publisher=Wiley Blackwell|year=2021 |isbn=978-1119626107 |location=Hoboken}} *{{harvc|last=Jakob|first=Stefan|anchor-year=2017a|year=2017|in=Frahm|c=The Middle Assyrian Period (14th to 11th Century BCE)}} *{{harvc|last=Jakob|first=Stefan|anchor-year=2017b|year=2017|in=Frahm|c=Economy, Society, and Daily Life in the Middle Assyrian Period}} *{{cite book|last=James|first=E. O.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KN-mDwAAQBAJ|title=The Tree of Life: An Archaeological Study|publisher=BRILL|year=1966|isbn=978-9004378025}} *{{cite book|last=Jupp|first=James|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wgoFxfSTfYAC|title=Australian People: An Encyclopedia of the Nation, its People and their Origins|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2001|isbn=0-521-80789-1|location=Cambridge}} * {{Cite book|last1=Kalimi|first1=Isaac|last2=Richardson|first2=Seth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bF_bAgAAQBAJ |title=Sennacherib at the Gates of Jerusalem: Story, History and Historiography|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |year=2014|isbn=978-9004265615|editor-last=Kalimi|editor-first=Isaac|editor-last2=Richardson|editor-first2=Seth |location=Leiden|chapter=Sennacherib at the Gates of Jerusalem: Story, History and Historiography: An Introduction}} *{{cite book|last=Kaufman|first=Stephen A.|url=https://oi.uchicago.edu/research/publications/as/19-akkadian-influences-aramaic|title=The Akkadian Influences on Aramaic|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1974|isbn=0-226-62281-9|series=The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago Assyriological Studies|location=Chicago}} *{{Cite journal|last=Kertai|first=David|year=2013|title=The Queens of the Neo-Assyrian Empire |journal=Altorientalische Forschungen|volume=40|issue=1|pages=108–124|doi=10.1524/aof.2013.0006|s2cid=163392326}} *{{Cite book|last=Kertai|first=David|chapter=The Throne Room of Assyria|pages=41–56|editor-last=Bietak |editor-first=Manfred|editor-last2=Matthiae|editor-first2=Paolo|editor-last3=Prell|editor-first3=Silvia |title=Ancient Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Palaces. Volume II: Proceedings of a workshop held at the 10th ICAANE in Vienna, 25–26 April 2016|publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag|location=Wiesbaden|year=2019|isbn=978-3447111836 |doi=10.2307/j.ctvh4zg0s.6 |jstor=j.ctvh4zg0s.6|s2cid=194319884}} *{{Cite journal|last1=Kletter|first1=Raz|last2=Zwickel|first2=Wolfgang|date=2006|title=The Assyrian Building of ʿAyyelet ha-Šaḥar|journal=Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins |volume=122|issue=2|pages=151–186 |jstor=27931796}} *{{Cite journal|last=Lambert|first=W. G.|date=1983|title=The God Aššur|journal=Iraq|volume=45|issue=1|pages=82–86|doi=10.2307/4200181|jstor=4200181|s2cid=163337976 |doi-access=free }} *{{cite book|last=Lewy|first=Hildegard|title=The Cambridge Ancient History: Volume I Part 2: Early History of the Middle East|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1971|isbn=0-521-07791-5|editor-last=Edwards |editor-first=I. E. S.|edition=3rd|location=Cambridge|editor-last2=Gadd|editor-first2=C. J.|editor-last3=Hammond|editor-first3=N. G. L.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-ancient-history/assyria-c-26001816-bc/4F20E593BE3257C3F9A34689E0A25B9C |chapter=Assyria ''c''. 2600–1816 BC}} *{{Cite book|last=Liverani|first=Mario|translator-last=Tabatabai|translator-first=Soraia|title=The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy|publisher=Routledge|year=2014|isbn=978-0415679053|location=Oxford}} *{{Cite journal|last=Livingstone|first=Alasdair|date=2009|title=Remembrance at Assur: The Case of the dated Aramaic memorials|url=https://journal.fi/store/article/view/52458|journal=Studia Orientalia Electronica |volume=106 |pages=151–157}} *{{harvc|last=Livingstone|first=Alasdair|year=2017|in=Frahm|c=Assyrian Literature}} *{{Cite journal|last=Llop|first=Jaume|year=2012|title=The Development of the Middle Assyrian Provinces |journal=Altorientalische Forschungen|volume=39|issue=1|pages=87–111|doi=10.1524/aofo.2012.0007 |jstor=41440513 |s2cid=163552048}} *{{harvc|last1=Luukko|first1=Mikko|last2=Van Buylaere|first2=Greta|year=2017|in=Frahm|c=Languages and Writing Systems in Assyria}} *{{cite book|last=Mack|first=Jennifer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2il0DwAAQBAJ|title=The Construction of Equality: Syriac Immigration and the Swedish City|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|year=2017|isbn=978-1452955018|location=Minneapolis}} *{{Cite book|last=Mallowan|first=Max E. L.|title=The Cambridge Ancient History: Volume I Part 2: Early History of the Middle East|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1971|isbn=0-521-07791-5|editor-last=Edwards|editor-first=I. E. S.|edition=3rd|location=Cambridge|chapter=The Early Dynastic Period in Mesopotamia|editor-last2=Gadd|editor-first2=C. J.|editor-last3=Hammond|editor-first3=N. G. L.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-ancient-history/early-dynastic-period-in-mesopotamia/433C3C658FBC3B41587C5181FBE776A1}} *{{Cite journal|last1=Marciak|first1=Michal|last2=Wójcikowski|first2=Robert S.|year=2016|title=Images of the Kings of Adiabene: Numismatic and Sculptural Evidence|journal=Iraq|volume=78|pages=79–101 |doi=10.1017/irq.2016.8 |s2cid=56050063|doi-access=free}} *{{Cite book|last=Marciak|first=Michał|title=Sophene, Gordyene, and Adiabene: Three Regna Minora of Northern Mesopotamia Between East and West|publisher=BRILL|year=2017|isbn=978-9004350700|location=Leiden}} *{{harvc|last=Maul|first=Stefan M.|year=2017|in=Frahm|c=Assyrian Religion}} *{{harvc|last=Michel|first=Cécile|year=2017|in=Frahm|c=Economy, Society, and Daily Life in the Old Assyrian Period}} *{{cite book|last=Murre-van den Berg|first=Heleen| author-link = Heleen Murre-van den Berg| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oyJXEAAAQBAJ|title=Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History Volume 18. The Ottoman Empire (1800–1914)|publisher=BRILL|year=2021|isbn=978-9004448094|editor-last=Thomas|editor-first=David|location=Leiden|chapter=Syriac literature and Muslim-Christian relations under the Ottomans, 16th-19th centuries|editor-last2=Chesworth|editor-first2=John A.}} *{{Cite journal|last=Na'aman|first=Nadav|date=1991|title=Chronology and History in the Late Assyrian Empire (631—619 B.C.)|url=https://www.academia.edu/13458703|journal=Zeitschrift für Assyriologie|volume=81|issue=1–2|pages=243–267|doi=10.1515/zava.1991.81.1-2.243|s2cid=159785150}} *{{cite book|last=Novák|first=Mirko|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WBrfDQAAQBAJ|title=Assyria to Iberia: Art and Culture in the Iron Age|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|year=2016|isbn=978-1588396068|editor-last=Aruz|editor-first=Joan|location=New York|chapter=Assyrians and Arameans: Modes of Cohabitation and Acculuration at Guzana (Tell Halaf)|editor-last2=Seymour|editor-first2=Michael}} *{{Cite book|last=Oates|first=Joan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OGBGauNBK8kC&q=sin-shumu-lishir+eunuch|title=The Cambridge Ancient History Volume 3 Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1992|isbn=978-3111033587|chapter=The fall of Assyria (635–609 BC)}} *{{cite book|last=Odisho|first=Edward Y.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ON7BEtQvejcC|title=The Sound System of Modern Assyrian (Neo-Aramaic)|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz|year=1988|isbn=3-447-02744-4|location=Wiesbaden}} *{{Cite journal|last=Parker|first=Bradley J.|date=2011|title=The Construction and Performance of Kingship in the Neo-Assyrian Empire|journal=Journal of Anthropological Research|volume=67|issue=3|pages=357–386|doi=10.3998/jar.0521004.0067.303|jstor=41303323|s2cid=145597598}} *{{Cite journal|last=Parpola|first=Simo|date=2004|title=National and Ethnic Identity in the Neo-Assyrian Empire and Assyrian Identity in Post-Empire Times|url=https://archive.org/details/parpolaidentityarticlefinal/page/n1/mode/2up|journal=Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies|volume=18|issue=2|pages=5–22}} *{{cite book|last=Payne|first=Richard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KteqCwAAQBAJ|title=Visions of Community in the Post-Roman World: The West, Byzantium and the Islamic World, 300–1100|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|year=2012|isbn=978-1409427094|editor-last=Pohl|editor-first=Walter|location=Farnham|chapter=Avoiding Ethnicity: Uses of the Ancient Past in Late Sasanian Northern Mesopotamia|editor-last2=Gantner|editor-first2=Clemens|editor-last3=Payne|editor-first3=Richard}} *{{Cite book|last=Radner|first=Karen|title=Ancient Assyria: A Very Short Introduction|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2015|isbn=978-0198715900}} *{{cite encyclopedia|year=2015b|title=Royal pen pals: the kings of Assyria in correspondence with officials, clients and total strangers (8th and 7th centuries BC)|encyclopedia=Official Epistolography and the Language(s) of Power |publisher=Austrian Academy of Sciences Press|last=Radner|first=Karen|editor1=S. Prochazka|editor2=L. Reinfandt|editor3=S. Tost |url=https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27226/1/Radner_Official_Epistolography_2015_Royal_Pen_Pals.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27226/1/Radner_Official_Epistolography_2015_Royal_Pen_Pals.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live}} *{{harvc|last=Radner|first=Karen|year=2017|in=Frahm|c=Economy, Society, and Daily Life in the Neo‐Assyrian Period}} *{{Cite journal|last=Radner|first=Karen|date=2019|title=Last Emperor or Crown Prince Forever? 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