Editing Archimedes (section)

=== In modern mathematics ===
[[File:FieldsMedalFront.jpg|thumb|The [[Fields Medal]] carries a portrait of Archimedes|190x190px]]
Gauss's heroes were Archimedes and Newton,<ref>Jay Goldman, The Queen of Mathematics: A Historically Motivated Guide to Number Theory, p 88.</ref> and [[Moritz Cantor]], who studied under Gauss in the [[University of Göttingen]], reported that he once remarked in conversation that "there had been only three epoch-making mathematicians: Archimedes, Newton, and [[Gotthold Eisenstein|Eisenstein]]".<ref>E.T. Bell, Men of Mathematics, p 237</ref> Likewise, [[Alfred North Whitehead]] said that "in the year 1500 Europe knew less than Archimedes who died in the year 212 BC."<ref>{{cite web |author=Alfred North Whitehead |title=The Influence of Western Medieval Culture Upon the Development of Modern Science |url=https://inters.org/Whitehead-Western-Development-Science |access-date=4 April 2022}}</ref> The historian of mathematics [[Reviel Netz]],<ref>Reviel Netz, William Noel, The Archimedes Codex: Revealing The Secrets of the World's Greatest Palimpsest</ref> echoing Whitehead's proclamation on [[Plato]] and [[philosophy]], said that "Western science is but a series of footnotes to Archimedes," calling him "the most important scientist who ever lived." and [[Eric Temple Bell]],<ref>E.T. Bell, Men of Mathematics, p 20.</ref> wrote that "Any list of the three "greatest" mathematicians of all history would include the name of Archimedes. The other two usually associated with him are [[Isaac Newton|Newton]] and [[Carl Friedrich Gauss|Gauss]]. Some, considering the relative wealth—or poverty—of mathematics and physical science in the respective ages in which these giants lived, and estimating their achievements against the background of their times, would put Archimedes first." 

The discovery in 1906 of previously lost works by Archimedes in the [[Archimedes Palimpsest]] has provided new insights into how he obtained mathematical results.<ref>{{cite web |title=Works, Archimedes |date=23 June 2015 |publisher=University of Oklahoma |url=https://galileo.ou.edu/exhibits/works-archimedes |access-date=18 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Genius of Archimedes – 23 Centuries of Influence on Mathematics, Science and Engineering: Proceedings of an International Conference held at Syracuse, Italy |date=8–10 June 2010 |series=History of Mechanism and Machine Science |volume=11 |publisher=Springer |editor1=Paipetis, Stephanos A. |editor2=Ceccarelli, Marco |isbn=978-90-481-9091-1 |doi=10.1007/978-90-481-9091-1}}</ref>

The [[Fields Medal]] for outstanding achievement in mathematics carries a portrait of Archimedes, along with a carving illustrating his proof on the sphere and the cylinder. The inscription around the head of Archimedes is a quote attributed to 1st century AD poet [[Marcus Manilius|Manilius]], which reads in Latin: ''Transire suum pectus mundoque potiri'' ("Rise above oneself and grasp the world").<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Riehm |first=C. |date=2002 |title=The early history of the Fields Medal |url=https://www.ams.org/notices/200207/comm-riehm.pdf |journal=Notices of the AMS |volume=49 |issue=7 |pages=778–782 |quote="The Latin inscription from the Roman poet Manilius surrounding the image may be translated 'To pass beyond your understanding and make yourself master of the universe.' The phrase comes from Manilius's Astronomica 4.392 from the first century A.D. (p. 782)."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 February 2015 |title=The Fields Medal |url=http://www.fields.utoronto.ca/about/fields-medal |access-date=23 April 2021 |website=Fields Institute for Research in Mathematical Sciences}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Fields Medal |url=https://www.mathunion.org/imu-awards/fields-medal |access-date=23 April 2021 |publisher=[[International Mathematical Union]]}}</ref>