Editing Alhambra (section)

==Influence==

=== In architecture ===
[[File:Hau. Interiors of the Winter Palace. The Bathroom of Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna. 1870.jpg|thumb|The [[Alhambresque]] bathroom of Empress [[Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse)|Alexandra Feodorovna]] in the [[Winter Palace]]<ref name=":16">{{Cite journal |last=McSweeney |first=Anna |date=2015 |title=Versions and Visions of the Alhambra in the Nineteenth-Century Ottoman World |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/683080 |journal=West 86th: A Journal of Decorative Arts, Design History, and Material Culture |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=44–69 |doi=10.1086/683080 |jstor=10.1086/683080 |s2cid=194180597 |issn=2153-5531|hdl=2262/108262 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>]]
The Alhambra was often remembered nostalgically in some Muslim societies after the Christian conquest of 1492 and may have influenced later examples of Islamic architecture. For example, several monuments constructed by the [[Saadi Sultanate|Saadian dynasty]], which ruled [[Morocco]] in the 16th and 17th centuries, appear to imitate prototypes found in the Alhambra, particularly the Court of the Lions.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Salmon |first=Xavier |title=Marrakech: Splendeurs saadiennes: 1550–1650 |publisher=LienArt |year=2016 |isbn=9782359061826 |location=Paris}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Denny |first=Walter B. |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |isbn=9780195305135 |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John L. |chapter=Alhambra}}</ref>

Its architecture was also a model emulated in the [[Moorish Revival architecture|"Moresque" architectural style]], a [[Historicism (art)|historicist]] style that became fashionable in Europe in the 19th century, with the publications of [[Owen_Jones_(architect)|Owen Jones]] being particularly important in establishing this influence.{{Sfn|Eldem|2024|p=|pp=29–38}} After Owen Jones published ''[[Plans, Elevations, Sections and Details of the Alhambra]]'' in London from 1842 to 1845, a fanciful, ornamental, Alhambra-inspired [[Orientalism|Orientalist]] architectural style called ''[[Alhambresque]]'' became popular in the West in the 19th century.<ref name=":16" />

The Alhambresque style was later absorbed in the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] world, in what [[Ussama Makdisi]] called "Ottoman Orientalism."<ref name=":16" /> Early use of Alhambresque motifs (such as ''[[sebka]]'') is evident in buildings from the reign of Sultan [[Abdülaziz]] ({{Reign|1861|1876}}) in Istanbul, such as the monumental gate on [[Beyazıt Square]] ({{Circa|1865}}), now the entrance of [[Istanbul University]].<ref name=":16" /> The mausoleum of [[Fuad Pasha]] (1869–70), who personally visited the Alhambra as Ottoman ambassador in 1844, is almost entirely in a "Moresque" style.{{Sfn|Eldem|2024|p=166}} The style was also employed in the [[Gezirah Palace|Gezira Palace]] in [[Cairo]], built to host royal guests for the 1869 opening of the [[Suez Canal]]. [[Khedive Isma'il]] even commissioned Owen Jones to design the interiors of this palace.<ref name=":16" />

The Alhambra also inspired a number of buildings in Moorish Revival architecture:
*[[Isaac M. Wise Temple]] (synagogue in [[Cincinnati]], [[Ohio]])<ref>{{cite web |author=Kenny, Daniel |date=1875 |title=Illustrated Cincinnati |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gEwRAQAAMAAJ&q=steven%20rolfes&pg=PA106 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201202150/https://books.google.com/books?id=gEwRAQAAMAAJ&q=steven%20rolfes&pg=PA106 |archive-date=1 February 2022 |access-date=2013-05-19 |publisher=Stevens |pages=106}}</ref>
*[[Villa Zorayda]] (villa in [[St. Augustine, Florida]])<ref name="Nolan1995">{{cite book |author=Nolan, David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vmklFlgwHC4C&pg=PA46 |title=The Houses of St. Augustine |publisher=Pineapple Press Inc |year=1995 |isbn=978-1-56164-069-0 |page=46 |access-date=1 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201202150/https://books.google.com/books?id=vmklFlgwHC4C&pg=PA46 |archive-date=1 February 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Villa Alhambra]] (villa in [[Malta]])

===In mathematics===
{{further|Mathematics and art}}
[[File:Tassellatura alhambra.jpg|thumb|[[Tessellations]] like this inspired [[M. C. Escher|M. C. Escher's]] work]]

The Alhambra tiles are remarkable in that they contain nearly all, if not all, of the seventeen mathematically possible [[wallpaper group]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/math-art-arch.shtml#Symmetry |title=Mathematics in Art and Architecture |publisher=Math.nus.edu.sg |access-date=4 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150507151115/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/math-art-arch.shtml#Symmetry |archive-date=7 May 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> This is a unique accomplishment in world architecture. [[M. C. Escher]]'s visit in 1922 and study of the Moorish use of symmetries in the Alhambra tiles inspired his subsequent work on [[tessellation]], which he called "regular divisions of the plane".<ref>{{cite journal |author=Gelgi, Fatih |url=http://www.fountainmagazine.com/Issue/detail/The-Influence-of-Islamic-Art-on-MC-Escher |title=The Influence of Islamic Art on M.C. Escher |journal=The Fountain |issue=76 |date=July 2010 |access-date=16 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117020956/http://www.fountainmagazine.com/Issue/detail/The-Influence-of-Islamic-Art-on-MC-Escher |archive-date=17 November 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>