Editing Zanzibar (section)

=== Maritime transport ===
==== Ports ====
[[File:Zanzibar Harbour.jpg|thumb|right|Zanzibar Harbour]]
[[File:Fell marine water transport from Zanzibar to Dar es salaam.jpg|thumb|left|''Azam Sealink1'' ferry]]
There are five ports in the islands of Unguja and Pemba, all operated and developed by the Zanzibar Ports Corporation.

The main port at Malindi, which handles 90 percent of Zanzibar's trade, was built in 1925. The port was rehabilitated between 1989 and 1992 with financial assistance from the [[European Union]]. The Italian contractor, [[Impregilo|Salini Impregilo S.p.A.]], was supposed to build wharves that lasted 60 years; however, the wharves lasted only 11 years before crumbling and degenerating because the company deviated from the specifications by using poor quality material.<ref name="Malindi port">{{cite web |last=Yusof |first=Issa |date=17 October 2012 |url=http://www.dailynews.co.tz/index.php/local-news/10593-malindi-port-gradually-sinking |title=Malindi Port Gradually Sinking |work=[[Daily News (Tanzania)|Daily News]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503004846/http://www.dailynews.co.tz/index.php/local-news/10593-malindi-port-gradually-sinking |archive-date=2013-05-03}}</ref> After a long legal battle, the company was required in 2005 by the [[International Court of Arbitration]] to pay Zanzibar US$11.6 million in damages.<ref>Staff (29 November 2008). [http://www.worldcargonews.com/htm/w20081129.879920.htm "Zanzibar (Malindi) Nears Completion"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909035715/http://www.worldcargonews.com/htm/w20081129.879920.htm|date=9 September 2014}}, ''[[World Cargo News]]''. Retrieved 14 September 2013.</ref> The port was again rehabilitated between 2004 and 2009 with a 31 million euro grant from the European Union. The contract was awarded to M/S E. Phil and Sons of Denmark. The then-director of the contractor suggested that the rehabilitation would last a minimum of 50 years. But the port is again facing problems, including sinking.<ref name="Malindi port"/> A new dedicated passenger port is planned to be constructed in Mpigaduri as a [[public–private partnership]].<ref name="Mpigaduri port">{{cite web |title=Zanzibar to build modern passenger port at Mpigaduri |url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/zanzibar/zanzibar-to-build-modern-passenger-port-at-mpigaduri-4486870 |website=The Citizen |date=9 January 2024 |publisher=Nation Media Group |access-date=24 January 2024}}</ref>

;Ferry accidents
The MV ''Faith'', which began its final journey at the port of Dar es Salaam, sank in May 2009 shortly before docking at the port of Malindi. Six of the 25 people aboard lost their lives.<ref>Hutson, Terry (30 July 2009). [http://ports.co.za/news/article_2009_07_29_3609.html "Fire Guts Passenger Ferry in Dar es Salaam"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615150606/http://ports.co.za/news/article_2009_07_29_3609.html |date=15 June 2013 }}. Ports & Ships Maritime News. Retrieved 14 September 2013.</ref>

The [[sinking of the MV Spice Islander I]] on 10 September 2011, after departing from [[Unguja]] island for [[Pemba Island]], was the worst disaster in Tanzanian history. In a report to the [[Zanzibar House of Representatives]] on 14 October 2011, Zanzibar's [[Vice President of Zanzibar|Second Vice President]], Ambassador [[Seif Ali Iddi]], said that 2,764 people were missing, 203 bodies had been recovered, and 619 passengers were rescued. It was the worst maritime disaster in Tanzanian history.<ref>Sadallah, Mwinyi (16 October 2011). [http://ippmedia.com/frontend/index.php?l=34437 "Confirmed: 2,900 People Died in Zanzibar's Ferry Tragedy"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112035114/http://ippmedia.com/frontend/index.php?l=34437|date=12 January 2016}}. [[IPP Media]]. Retrieved 14 September 2013.</ref> A presidential commission, however, reported three months later that 1,370 people were missing, 203 bodies had been recovered, and 941 passengers survived. Severe overloading caused the ferry to sink.<ref>Sadallah, Mwinyi (21 January 2012). [http://www.ippmedia.com/frontend/index.php?l=37681 "Nine Charged over MV ''Spice Islander'' Sinking"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622202429/http://www.ippmedia.com/frontend/index.php?l=37681|date=22 June 2013}}, [[IPP Media]]. Retrieved 14 September 2013.</ref>
[[File:Abeid Amani Karume International Airport, 2013.jpg|thumb|right|Zanzibar Airport Terminal I]]

The [[MV Skagit|MV ''Skagit'']], which began its final journey at the port of Dar es Salaam, capsized in rough seas near [[Chumbe Island|Chumbe island]] on 18 July 2012. The ferry had 447 passengers, with 81 dead, 212 missing and presumed drowned, and 154 rescued. The ferry left port despite warnings from the Tanzania Meteorological Agency for ships not to attempt the crossing from Dar es Salaam to [[Unguja]] island because of the rough seas. A presidential commission reported in October 2012 that overloading was the cause of the disaster.<ref>Staff (19 July 2012). [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-18899397 "Zanzibar Ferry Disaster: Hopes Fade for Missing"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120062007/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-18899397 |date=20 November 2018 }}. [[BBC News]]. Retrieved 14 September 2013.</ref><ref>Yussuf, Issa (12 October 2012). [http://allafrica.com/stories/201210120139.html "Tanzania: Overloading Blamed for Ill-Fated Boat"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006072638/http://allafrica.com/stories/201210120139.html |date=6 October 2014 }}. ''[[Daily News (Tanzania)|Daily News]]'' (via [[AllAfrica.com]]). Retrieved 14 September 2013.</ref>