Editing Yale University (section)

===Faculty, research, and intellectual traditions===
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Yale is a member of the [[Association of American Universities]] (AAU) and is [[Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education|classified]] among "R1: Doctoral Universities—Very high research activity".<ref>{{cite web |title=Carnegie Classifications Institution Lookup |url=https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=130794 |publisher=Center for Postsecondary Education |website=carnegieclassifications.iu.edu |access-date=July 26, 2020 |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727075914/https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=130794 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[National Science Foundation]] ranked Yale 15th among American universities for research and development expenditures in 2021 with {{USD|1.16 billion|long=no}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Universities Report Largest Growth in Federally Funded R&D Expenditures since FY 2011 {{!}} NSF - National Science Foundation |url=https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf23303 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=ncses.nsf.gov|date=December 15, 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zalaznick |first=Matt |date=2023-01-06 |title=Billion-dollar business: These are higher ed's top 30 R&D performers |url=https://universitybusiness.com/r-d-research-and-development-billion-dollar-top-30-college-university-higher-ed-spenders/ |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=University Business |language=en-US}}</ref>

Yale's current faculty include 67 members of the [[National Academy of Sciences]],<ref name="National Academy of Sciences">{{cite web |title=Member Profiles |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/|website=National Academy of Sciences|access-date=March 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326120054/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/|archive-date=March 26, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> 55 members of the [[National Academy of Medicine]],<ref name="National Academy of Medicine" /> 8 members of the [[National Academy of Engineering]],<ref name="NAE Website">{{cite web|title=Members Directory |url=https://www.nae.edu/MembersSection/20412.aspx?id=20412|website=NAE Website|access-date=March 24, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324175403/https://www.nae.edu/MembersSection/20412.aspx?id=20412|archive-date=March 24, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> and 187 members of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]].<ref name="American Academy of Arts and Sciences" /> The college is, after normalization for institution size, the tenth-largest baccalaureate source of [[doctorate|doctoral degree]] recipients in the United States, and the largest such source within the Ivy League.<ref name="Center College">{{cite web |url=https://web.centre.edu/ir/student/OverallBaccOrigins.pdf |title=Baccalaureate Origins Peer Analysis 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927004904/https://web.centre.edu/ir/student/OverallBaccOrigins.pdf |archive-date=September 27, 2007 |publisher=Center College}}</ref> It also is a top 10 (ranked seventh) baccalaureate source (after normalization for the number of graduates) of some of the most notable scientists ([[Nobel Prize|Nobel]], [[Fields Medal|Fields]], [[Turing Award|Turing]] prizes, or membership in [[National Academy of Sciences]], [[National Academy of Engineering]], or [[National Academy of Medicine]]).<ref name="Wai-2015">{{Cite web |last1=Hsu |first1=Steve |last2=Wai |first2=Jonathan |title=These 25 schools are responsible for the greatest advances in science |url=https://qz.com/498534/these-25-schools-are-responsible-for-the-greatest-advances-in-science/ |access-date=November 15, 2021 |website=Quartz |date=September 10, 2015 |language=en}}</ref>

Yale's English and Comparative Literature departments were part of the [[New Criticism]] movement. Of the New Critics, [[Robert Penn Warren]], [[W.K. Wimsatt]], and [[Cleanth Brooks]] were all Yale faculty. Later, the Yale Comparative literature department became a center of American [[deconstruction]]. [[Jacques Derrida]], the father of deconstruction, taught at the department of comparative literature from the late 1970s to mid-1980s. Several other Yale faculty members were also associated with deconstruction, forming the so-called "[[Yale school (deconstruction)|Yale School]]". These included [[Paul de Man]] who taught in the Departments of Comparative Literature and French, [[J.&nbsp;Hillis Miller]], [[Geoffrey Hartman]] (both taught in the Departments of English and Comparative Literature), and [[Harold Bloom]] (English), whose theoretical position was always somewhat specific, and who ultimately took a very different path from the rest of this group. Yale's history department has also originated important intellectual trends. Historians [[C.&nbsp;Vann Woodward]] and [[David Brion Davis]] are credited with beginning in the 1960s and 1970s an important stream of [[American South|southern]] historians; likewise, [[David Montgomery (historian)|David Montgomery]], a labor historian, advised many of the current generation of labor historians in the country. Yale's Music School and department fostered the growth of Music Theory in the latter half of the 20th&nbsp;century. The ''Journal of Music Theory'' was founded there in 1957; [[Allen Forte]] and [[David Lewin]] were influential teachers and scholars.

Since the late 1960s, Yale produces social sciences and policy research through its Yale Institution for Social and Policy Studies (ISPS).

In addition to eminent faculty members, Yale research relies heavily on the presence of roughly 1200 [[postdoctoral researcher|Postdocs]] from various national and international origin working in the multiple laboratories in the sciences, social sciences, humanities, and professional schools of the university. The university progressively recognized this working force with the recent creation of the Office for Postdoctoral Affairs and the [[Yale Postdoctoral Association]].