Editing Uganda (section)

===Health===
{{Main|Health in Uganda|HIV/AIDS in Uganda}}
[[File:Aerial view of old Mulago Hospital in Uganda.jpg|thumb|Mulago National Referral Hospital]]
There were eight physicians per 100,000 persons in the early 2000s.<ref name="hdrstats.undp.org" /> Uganda's elimination of user fees at state health facilities in 2001 has resulted in an 80 percent increase in visits, with over half of this increase coming from the poorest 20 percent of the population.<ref name="autogenerated1">[https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171012091152/http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/download/4895.pdf The MDGs and equity]. Overseas Development Institute, June 2010</ref> This policy has been cited as a key factor in helping Uganda achieve its Millennium Development Goals and as an example of the importance of equity in achieving those goals.<ref name="ODI" /> Despite this policy, many users are denied care if they do not provide their own medical equipment, as happened in the highly publicised case of Jennifer Anguko.<ref>{{cite news | last=Dugger | first=Celia | title=Maternal Deaths Focus Harsh Light on Uganda | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/30/world/africa/30uganda.html | access-date=17 January 2012 | newspaper=The New York Times | date=29 July 2011 | archive-date=16 January 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116232519/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/30/world/africa/30uganda.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Poor communication within hospitals,<ref>{{Cite journal | last1=Rutebemberwa | first1=E. | last2=Ekirapa-Kiracho | first2=E. | last3=Okui | first3=O. | last4=Walker | first4=D. | last5=Mutebi | first5=A. | last6=Pariyo | first6=G. | doi=10.1186/1472-6963-9-146 | title=Lack of effective communication between communities and hospitals in Uganda: A qualitative exploration of missing links | journal=BMC Health Services Research | volume=9 | pages=146 | year=2009 | pmid=19671198 | pmc=2731748 | doi-access=free }}</ref> low satisfaction with health services<ref>{{cite journal | last=Kiguli | first=Julie | title=Increasing access to quality health care for the poor: community perceptions on quality care in Uganda | journal=Patient Preference and Adherence | year=2009 | volume=3 | pages=77–85 | doi=10.2147/ppa.s4091 | pmid=19936148 | display-authors=etal | pmc=2778436 | doi-access=free }}</ref> and distance to health service providers undermine the provision of quality health care to people living in Uganda, and particularly for those in poor and elderly-headed households.<ref name="pariyo2009">{{cite journal | last=Pariyo | first=G. | title=Changes in Utilization of Health Services among Poor and Rural Residents in Uganda: Are Reforms Benefitting the Poor? | journal=International Journal for Equity in Health | year=2009 | volume=8 | pages=39 | doi=10.1186/1475-9276-8-39 | pmid=19909514 | display-authors=etal | pmc=2781807 | doi-access=free }}</ref> The provision of subsidies for poor and rural populations, along with the extension of public private partnerships, have been identified as important provisions to enable vulnerable populations to access health services.<ref name="pariyo2009" />

[[File:Life expectancy in Uganda.svg|thumb|Development of life expectancy]]
[[Life expectancy]] at birth was estimated to be 63.4 years in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Life expectancy in Uganda|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy|access-date=18 February 2022|website=Our World in Data|archive-date=13 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813180308/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[infant mortality]] rate was approximately 61 deaths per 1,000 children in 2012.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html?countryName=Uganda&countryCode=ug&regionCode=afr&rank=27#ug CIA World Factbook] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505035633/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html?countryName=Uganda&countryCode=ug&regionCode=afr&rank=27#ug |date=5 May 2012 }}: Infant Mortality ranks</ref>

In July 2012, there was an [[Ebola]] outbreak in the [[Kibaale District]] of the country.<ref>{{cite news | title=Ebola Outbreak Spreads | agency=Associated Press | newspaper=Daily Express | date=31 July 2012}}</ref> On 4 October 2012, the Ministry of Health officially declared the end of the outbreak after at least 16 people had died.<ref>{{cite news | last=Biryabarema | first=Elias | title=Uganda says it is now free of deadly Ebola virus | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uganda-ebola-idUSBRE89409E20121005 | work=Reuters | date=5 October 2012 | access-date=2 July 2017 | archive-date=24 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924171138/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/05/us-uganda-ebola-idUSBRE89409E20121005 | url-status=live }}</ref>

The Health Ministry announced on 16 August 2013 that three people had died in northern Uganda from a suspected outbreak of [[Congo Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever]].<ref>{{cite news | title=Three die in Uganda from Ebola-like fever: Health Ministry | url=https://news.yahoo.com/three-die-uganda-ebola-fever-health-ministry-122947530.html | work=Yahoo News | access-date=16 August 2013 | archive-date=20 August 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130820115319/http://news.yahoo.com/three-die-uganda-ebola-fever-health-ministry-122947530.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>

Uganda has been among the rare [[HIV]] success stories.<ref name="hdrstats.undp.org">{{cite web | url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/data_sheets/cty_ds_UGA.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429194955/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/data_sheets/cty_ds_UGA.html | archive-date=29 April 2009 | title=Human Development Report 2009 – Uganda [Archived]| publisher=Hdrstats.undp.org | access-date=3 May 2010}}</ref> Infection rates of 30 percent of the population in the 1980s fell to 6.4 percent by the end of 2008.<ref>Kelly, Annie (1 December 2008), "[https://www.theguardian.com/katine/2008/dec/01/world-aids-day-uganda Background: HIV/Aids in Uganda] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118085336/https://www.theguardian.com/katine/2008/dec/01/world-aids-day-uganda |date=18 January 2017 }}". ''The Guardian''.</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/uganda | title=UNAIDS: Uganda Profile | publisher=UNAIDS | access-date=4 April 2012 | archive-date=15 March 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315102650/http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/uganda/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Meanwhile, the practice of abstinence was found to have decreased.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1097/00002030-200003100-00017 | last1=Kamali | first1=A. | last2=Carpenter | first2=L. M. | last3=Whitworth | first3=J. A. | last4=Pool | first4=R. | last5=Ruberantwari | first5=A. | last6=Ojwiya | first6=A. | title=Seven-year trends in HIV-1 infection rates, and changes in sexual behaviour, among adults in rural Uganda | journal=AIDS | volume=14 | issue=4 | pages=427–434 | year=2000 | pmid=10770546| s2cid=612207 | doi-access=free }}</ref>

Less than half of all sexually active unmarried women use a modern contraceptive method, a fraction that has barely changed from 2000 to 2011. However, only ≈26% of married women used contraceptives in 2011. The use of contraceptives also differs substantially between poor (≈15%) and wealthy women (≈40%).<ref name=":2" /> As a result, Ugandan women have ≈6 children while they prefer to have around ≈4. According to the 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), more than 40% of births are unplanned. In 2010, the Ugandan Ministry of Health estimated that unsafe abortion accounted for 8% of the country's maternal deaths.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.guttmacher.org/fact-sheet/contraception-and-unintended-pregnancy-uganda|title=Contraception and Unintended Pregnancy in Uganda|date=14 February 2016|website=Guttmacher Institute|language=en|access-date=30 January 2019|archive-date=30 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130220802/https://www.guttmacher.org/fact-sheet/contraception-and-unintended-pregnancy-uganda|url-status=live}}</ref> The 2006 Uganda Demographic Health Survey (UDHS) indicated that roughly 6,000 women die each year from pregnancy-related complications.<ref>{{cite web | title=Uganda Demographic and Health Survey 2006 | url=http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR194/FR194.pdf | publisher=Measure DHS | access-date=17 January 2012 | archive-date=12 August 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812030910/http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR194/FR194.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> Pilot studies in 2012 by Future Health Systems have shown that this rate could be significantly reduced by implementing a voucher scheme for health services and transport to clinics.<ref>{{cite web | title=Improving Access to Safe Deliveries in Uganda | url=http://www.futurehealthsystems.org/publications/improving-access-to-safe-deliveries-in-uganda.html | publisher=Future Health Systems | access-date=17 January 2012 | archive-date=23 December 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111223174717/http://www.futurehealthsystems.org/publications/improving-access-to-safe-deliveries-in-uganda.html | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Women's Perceptions of ANC and delivery care Services, a community perspective | url=http://www.futurehealthsystems.org/storage/Research20Brief2021.pdf | publisher=Future Health Systems | access-date=8 May 2012 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114105517/http://www.futurehealthsystems.org/storage/Research20Brief2021.pdf | archive-date=14 November 2012 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

The prevalence of [[female genital mutilation]] (FGM) is low: according to a 2013 UNICEF report,<ref name="UNICEF2013p27">[http://www.unicef.org/media/files/FGCM_Lo_res.pdf UNICEF 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405083031/http://www.unicef.org/media/files/FGCM_Lo_res.pdf |date=5 April 2015 }}, p. 27.</ref> only 1 percent of women in Uganda have undergone FGM, with the practice being illegal in the country.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8406940.stm | title=Uganda bans female genital mutilation | work=BBC News | date=10 December 2009 | access-date=30 May 2015 | archive-date=4 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204010402/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8406940.stm | url-status=live }}</ref>