Editing Tipu Sultan (section)

==Assessment and legacy==
[[File:Tipu Sultan, Death Place.jpg|thumb|The spot in [[Srirangapatna]] where Tipu's body was found|left]]

Assessments of Tipu Sultan have often been passionate and divided. Successive [[Indian National Congress]] governments have often celebrated Tipu Sultan's memory and monuments and relics of his rule while the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] has been largely critical. School and college textbooks in India officially recognize him as a "freedom-fighter" along with many other rulers of the 18th century who fought European powers.<ref name="textbooks">{{cite news |last1=Moudgal |first1=Sandeep |title=Tipu Sultan history lessons can't be erased, says textbook committee chairman |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/tipu-sultan-history-lessons-cant-be-erased-says-textbook-committee-chairman/articleshow/71845989.cms |date=1 November 2019|work=The Times of India }}</ref> The original copy of the [[Constitution of India]] bears a painting of Tipu Sultan.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ramdas|first=Inayat|date=27 January 2016|title=Bet You Didn't Know All This About the Indian Constitution!|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/bet-you-didnt-know-all-this-about-the-indian-constitution|access-date=27 September 2020|website=TheQuint}}</ref>

In 2017 the 14th Indian president [[Ram Nath Kovind]] hailed Tipu Sultan in his address to the Karnataka Assembly on the occasion of the Diamond Jubilee celebrations of the state secretariat [[Vidhana Soudha]] saying "Tipu Sultan died a heroic death fighting the British. He was also a pioneer in the development and use of Mysore rockets in warfare. This technology was later adopted by the Europeans."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Aji|first=Sowmya|title=President Ram Nath Kovind hails Tipu Sultan, sparks war of words between Congress and BJP|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/president-ram-nath-kovind-hails-tipu-sultan-sparks-war-of-words-between-congress-and-bjp/articleshow/61226875.cms|date=26 October 2017}}</ref>

Tipu Sultan is also admired as a hero in [[Pakistan]]. Former [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Pakistani Prime Minister]] [[Imran Khan]] has said that he admires Tipu Sultan as a freedom fighter.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pakistan PM Imran pays tribute to Tipu Sultan on his death anniversary|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/pakistan-pm-imran-pays-tribute-to-tipu-sultan-on-his-death-anniversary/article27039000.ece|work=The Hindu|date=5 May 2019}}</ref>

Tipu also patronised art forms such as [[Ganjifa]] cards, effectively saving this art form.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Living Traditions Tribal and Folk Paintings of India|publisher=Centre for Cultural Resources and Training
|url=http://ccrt.addsofttech.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Living-of-Tradition-Tribal-Painting.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216194731/http://ccrt.addsofttech.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Living-of-Tradition-Tribal-Painting.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 February 2022|access-date=2022-02-16|website=ccrt.addsofttech.com}}</ref> Ganjifa card of Mysore have the GI Tag today.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Geographical Indications|url=https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GIRPublic/Application/Details/60}}</ref>

=== Sword and tiger ===
{{main|Tipu's Tiger}}
[[File:Tipu Sultan's Tiger.JPG|thumb|right|[[Tipu's Tiger|Tipu Sultan's Tiger]]. [[Victoria and Albert Museum]], London]]
[[File:Inscribed Sword of Tipu Sultan.jpg|thumb|Sword of Tipu Sultan. [[National Museum, New Delhi|National Museum]], [[New Delhi]]]]
Tipu Sultan had lost his sword in a war with the [[Nair]]s of [[Travancore]] during the [[Battle of the Nedumkotta|Battle of the Nedumkotta (1789)]], in which he was forced to withdraw due to the severe joint attack from the Travancore army and British army.<ref>{{cite news|date=3 May 2011|title=The swords of Tipu Sultan|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/05/03/stories/2011050362330300.htm|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110509010059/http://www.hindu.com/2011/05/03/stories/2011050362330300.htm |archive-date=9 May 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Nair Brigade|Nair army]] under the leadership of [[Raja Kesavadas]] again defeated the army of Tipu near Aluva. The Maharaja, [[Dharma Raja]], gave the famous sword to the Nawab of [[Arcot]], from whom the sword was taken as a war trophy by the British after annexing Arcot and sent to London. The sword was on display at the Wallace Collection, No. 1 Manchester Square, London.

Tipu was commonly known as the '''Tiger of Mysore''' and adopted this animal as the symbol (''bubri/babri'')<ref>{{cite web|date=17 August 2011|title=Tipu Sultan and the tiger motif |url=http://toshkhana.wordpress.com/2011/08/18/tipu-sultan-and-the-tiger-motif/|access-date=13 December 2013|work=The Seringapatnam Times|publisher=Toshkhana : wordpress}}</ref> of his rule.<ref name="ModernAsianStudies">{{Cite journal|last1=Brittlebank|first1=K.|year=1995 |title=Sakti and Barakat: The ∀ Power of Tipu's Tiger. An Examination of the Tiger Emblem of Tipu Sultan of Mysore|journal=Modern Asian Studies|volume=29|issue=2|pages=257–269 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X00012725|jstor=312813 |s2cid=145790819 }}</ref> It is said that Tipu Sultan was hunting in the forest with a French friend. They came face to face with a tiger there. The tiger first pounced on the French soldier and killed him. Tipu's gun did not work, and his dagger fell on the ground as the tiger jumped on him. He reached for the dagger, picked it up, and killed the tiger with it. That earned him the name "the Tiger of Mysore". {{citation needed|date=December 2020}} He even had French engineers build a mechanical tiger for his palace.<ref>{{cite book|last=James |first=Lawrence|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xygrApPFw_4C&pg=PA67 |title=Raj: The Making and Unmaking of British India|date=2000 |publisher=MacMillan|isbn=978-0-312-26382-9 |access-date=12 February 2010}}</ref> The device, known as [[Tipu's Tiger]], is on display in the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]], London.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tippoo's Tiger|date=11 April 2004 |publisher=Victoria & Albert Museum |url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/asia/object_stories/Tippoo's_tiger/index.html |access-date=10 December 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060825074241/http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/asia/object_stories/Tippoo's_tiger/index.html|archive-date=25 August 2006}}</ref> Not only did Tipu place relics of tigers around his palace and domain, but also had the emblem of a tiger on his banners and some arms and weapons. Sometimes this tiger was very ornate and had inscriptions within the drawing, alluding to Tipu's faith – Islam.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tiger Motif |publisher=Macquarie University Library |url=https://www.library.mq.edu.au/digital/seringapatam/images/tiger/|access-date=12 February 2010 |archive-date=4 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304051433/http://www.library.mq.edu.au/digital/seringapatam/images/tiger/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Historian [[Alexander Beatson]] reported that "in his palace was found a great variety of curious swords, daggers, fusils, pistols, and blunderbusses; some were of exquisite workmanship, mounted with gold, or silver, and beautifully inlaid and ornamented with tigers' heads and stripes, or with Persian and Arabic verses".<ref name="Beatson">{{cite book |last=Beatson|first=Alexander |year=1800 |url=http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/seringapatam/other/tipu.html|title=A View of the Origin and Conduct of the War with Tippoo Sultaun |publisher=G. & W. Nichol|location=London |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130609104725/http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/seringapatam/other/tipu.html |archive-date=9 June 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The last sword used by Tipu in his last [[Battle of Srirangapatna|battle, at Sri Rangapatnam]], and the ring worn by him were taken by the British forces as war trophies. They are kept on display at the [[British Museum]] London as gifts to the museum from Maj-Gen Augustus W.H. Meyrick and Nancy Dowager.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ring and sword of Tipu Sultan |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/asia/r/ring_and_sword_of_tipu_sultan.aspx|access-date=13 December 2013 |work=Exploring the museum|publisher=The British Museum |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019091134/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/asia/r/ring_and_sword_of_tipu_sultan.aspx |archive-date=19 October 2015}}</ref> At an [[auction]] in London in April 2004, [[Vijay Mallya]] purchased a sword of Tipu Sultan and some other historical artefacts, and brought them back to India.<ref>{{cite news|last=Beary|first=Habib|date=7 April 2004|title=Tipu's sword back in Indian hands |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3609205.stm |publisher=BBC News}}</ref>

In October 2013, another sword owned by Tipu Sultan and decorated with his ''babri'' (tiger stripe motif) surfaced and was auctioned by [[Sotheby's]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Sinha|first=Kounteya|date=4 October 2013|title=Another Tipu Sultan sword surfaces, to be auctioned|newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-04/uk/42716329_1_tipu-sultan-sword-dagger|access-date=13 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007080528/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-04/uk/42716329_1_tipu-sultan-sword-dagger |archive-date=7 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was purchased for £98,500<ref>{{cite news|last=Nag|first=Ashoke |date=21 October 2013 |title=Tipu Sultan memorabilia goes under hammer at Sotheby's 'The Arts of Imperial India' auction |newspaper=The Economic Times|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-10-21/news/43250493_1_mawludi-sayyid-ma-sum-auction-sales-middle-east|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419023922/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-10-21/news/43250493_1_mawludi-sayyid-ma-sum-auction-sales-middle-east|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 April 2015|access-date=13 December 2013}}</ref> by a telephone bidder.

===Tipu Sultan Jayanti===
In 2015, the [[Government of Karnataka]], under the leadership of then Chief Minister [[Siddaramaiah]] from the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] party, began to celebrate Tipu's birth anniversary as the "Tipu Sultan Jayanti".<ref name="dc:">{{cite web|date=30 July 2019|title=BJP govt orders cancellation of Tipu Sultan Jayanti |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bjp-govt-orders-cancellation-of-tipu-sultan-jayanti-750690.html |access-date=20 September 2019|work=Deccan Herald}}</ref> The Congress regime declared it as an annual event to be celebrated on 20 November.<ref>{{cite news |date=20 November 2019|title=Tipu Sultan Birth Anniversary: Life And Works of the 18th Century Ruler |publisher=NDTV|agency=NDTV |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/tipu-sultan-birth-anniversary-tipu-jayanti-today-know-about-mysore-ruler-2135552|access-date=30 November 2019}}</ref> It was officially celebrated in Karnataka initially by the Minority Welfare department, and later by the Kannada & Culture department. However, on 29 July 2019, the next Chief Minister [[B. S. Yediyurappa]], who belongs to the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP), ordered the celebrations cancelled, saying: "Legislators from [[Kodagu district|Kodagu]] had highlighted incidents of violence during Tipu Jayanti."

Objecting against the cancellation of the celebrations, the previous Chief Minister Siddaramaiah said: "BJP has cancelled it because of their hatred towards minorities. It's a big crime. He [Tipu] was a king of Mysore and fought against the British [as] a freedom fighter. It was during his time when the foundation was laid for the [[Krishna Raja Sagara]] dam. He also tried to improve industry, agriculture and trade". The previous year, not a single JD(S) leader, including the then chief minister HD Kumaraswamy, attended the event, turning it into a fiasco.<ref name="dc:" />

The [[Lok Sabha]] Congress leader, [[Mallikarjun Kharge]], also earlier criticized BJP and [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|RSS]] for their opposition against holding the celebrations, and asked: "When RSS can celebrate [[Nathuram Godse]], can't we celebrate Tipu Sultan?"<ref>{{cite news|last1=Upadhya|first1=Harish |date=31 October 2016|title=Karnataka Prepares To Celebrate Tipu Sultan Jayanti, BJP Threatens Stir Karnataka|publisher=NDTV|agency=NDTV |url=http://www.ndtv.com/karnataka-news/karnataka-prepares-to-celebrate-tipu-sultan-jayanti-bjp-threatens-stir-1587064|access-date=5 November 2016}}</ref>

===In fiction===
[[File:General Sir David Baird Discovering the Body of Sultan Tippoo Sahib.jpg|thumb|''[[Sir David Baird Discovering the Body of Sultan Tipoo Sahib]]'' by [[David Wilkie (artist)|David Wilkie]], 1839]]
* He has a role in [[G. A. Henty|G. A. Henty's]] 1896 book ''[[G. A. Henty#List of titles|The Tiger of Mysore]]'',<ref name="gutenberg">{{Cite book|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/18813/18813-h/18813-h.htm |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Tiger of Mysore, by G. A. Henty|date=12 July 2006 |via=Project Gutenberg}}</ref> and is also mentioned in Henty's 1902 ''[[G. A. Henty#List of titles|At the Point of the Bayonet]]'',<ref name="gutenberg" /> which deals with much of the same period.
* In [[Jules Verne]]'s ''[[Mysterious Island]]'', [[Captain Nemo]] is described as Tipu's nephew.
*He was portrayed by [[Paidi Jairaj]] in the 1959 Indian historical drama film ''Tipu Sultan'', directed by Jagdish Gautam.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tipu Sultan (1959)|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b779b10ec|website=[[BFI]]}}</ref>
*''[[Bharat Ek Khoj]]'', a 1988 Indian television series based on [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]'s ''[[The Discovery of India]]'' which aired on [[DD National]], dedicated an episode to Tipu Sultan with [[Salim Ghouse]] portraying the king.
* Tipu's life and adventures were the central theme of a short-running [[South Indian]] television series ''The Adventures of Tipu Sultan'', and of a more popular national television series ''[[The Sword of Tipu Sultan (TV serial)|The Sword of Tipu Sultan]]'' based on a historical novel by Bhagwan Gidwani.<ref name="pod">{{cite web|last=Swaminathan |first=Chitra|title=The return of the Sultan |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2006/05/20/stories/2006052000080200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090804095954/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2006/05/20/stories/2006052000080200.htm|url-status=dead |archive-date=4 August 2009|work=The Hindu  |date=20 May 2006 |access-date=17 August 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Khosla|first=G. D.|date=1977 |title=Review of The Sword of Tipu Sultan |journal=India International Centre Quarterly |volume=4|issue=2 |pages=214–216|jstor=23001501 |issn=0376-9771}}</ref>
*''[[The Dreams of Tipu Sultan]]'' is a 1997 play written in Kannada by Indian writer [[Girish Karnad]]. It follows the last days as well as the historic moments in the life of Tipu, through the eyes of an Indian court historian and a British Oriental scholar.
* ''[[Tipu Sultan: The Tiger Lord]]'' is a Pakistani television series that broadcast on [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] in 1997, deals with the life of Sultan.
* [[Naseem Hijazi]]'s novels ''Muazam Ali'' and ''Aur Talvar Ṭūṭ Gaye'' (''And The Sword Broke'') describe Tipu's wars.
* [[Wilkie Collins]]'s novel ''[[The Moonstone]]'' contains an account of Tipu and the fall of [[Srirangapatna]] in the prologue.
* In ''The Surprising Adventures of Baron Munchausen'' by [[Rudolf Erich Raspe]], [[Baron Munchausen|Munchausen]] vanquishes Tipu near the end of the novel.
* ''[[Sharpe's Tiger (novel)|Sharpe's Tiger]]'' is a novel by [[Bernard Cornwell]] in which Napoleonic–era British soldier [[Richard Sharpe (fictional character)|Richard Sharpe]] fights at Seringapatam, later killing Tipu.
* Tipu appears as a "Great Person" in the video games, [[Civilization Revolution|Sid Meier's Civilization: Revolution]] and [[Civilization IV|Sid Meier's Civilization IV]].
* In his historical [[Konkani language|Konkani]]-language novels on the [[Captivity of Mangalorean Catholics at Seringapatam|Seringapatam captivity]] of Konkani Catholics by Indian littérateur [[V. J. P. Saldanha]], ''Belthangaddicho Balthazar'' (Balthazar of [[Belthangady]]), ''Devache Krupen'' (By the Grace of God), ''Sardarachi Sinol'' (The sign of the Knights) and ''Infernachi Daram'' (The gates of Hell), Tipu is portrayed as "cunning, haughty, hard-hearted, revengeful, yet full of self-control".<ref name="Saldanha">{{cite book|last=George|first=K. M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&pg=PA217|title=Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Surveys and poems|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|year=1992|isbn=978-81-7201-324-0|volume=2|page=217}}</ref>