Editing Sugar (section)

=== Obesity and metabolic syndrome ===

{{main|Diet and obesity#Sugar consumption}}

A 2003 technical report by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) provides evidence that high intake of sugary drinks (including [[fruit juice]]) increases the risk of [[obesity]] by adding to overall [[energy intake]].<ref name="WHO2003">{{cite web |url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/42665/1/WHO_TRS_916.pdf?ua=1 |author=Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation |year=2003 |title=WHO Technical Report Series 916: Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases |access-date=25 December 2013 |archive-date=25 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625203948/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/42665/1/WHO_TRS_916.pdf?ua=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> By itself, sugar is doubtfully a factor causing obesity and [[metabolic syndrome]].<!--<ref name=WHO2003/>--><ref>{{cite journal |last=Stanhope |first=Kimber L. |title=Role of fructose-containing sugars in the epidemics of obesity and metabolic syndrome |journal=Annual Review of Medicine |volume=63 |issue=1 |year=2012 |pages=329–343 |doi=10.1146/annurev-med-042010-113026 |pmid=22034869 |quote=There is controversy concerning the role of sugar in the epidemics of obesity and metabolic syndrome.   |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1nIaViaOE9Noq8g4PwZr649w-1qi_cVKR/view}}</ref> [[Meta-analysis]] showed that excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages increased the risk of developing [[Diabetes mellitus type 2|type 2 diabetes]] and metabolic syndrome – including weight gain<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hill|first1=J. O. |last2=Prentice |first2=A. M. |date=1995-07-01 |title=Sugar and body weight regulation|journal=The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition |volume=62 |issue=1 |pages=264S–273S |doi=10.1093/ajcn/62.1.264S |pmid=7598083 |doi-access=free}}</ref> and obesity – in adults and children.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes: A meta-analysis |doi=10.2337/dc10-1079 |year=2010 |last1=Malik |first1=V. S. |last2=Popkin |first2=B. M. |last3=Bray |first3=G. A. |last4=Despres |first4=J.-P. |last5=Willett |first5=W. C. |last6=Hu |first6=F. B. |journal=Diabetes Care |volume=33 |issue=11 |pages=2477–83 |pmid=20693348 |pmc=2963518}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Malik |first1=Vasanti S. |last2=Pan |first2=An |last3=Willett |first3=Walter C. |last4=Hu |first4=Frank B. |date=1 October 2013 |title=Sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition |language=en |volume=98 |issue=4 |pages=1084–1102 |doi=10.3945/ajcn.113.058362 |issn=0002-9165 |pmc=3778861 |pmid=23966427}}</ref>