Editing Shenyang (section)

===Rail===
[[File:CRH5-001A_Beijing_20090728.jpg|thumb|The [[China Railways CRH5|CRH5-001A]] [[electric multiple unit|EMU]] serving the [[Beijing–Shenyang high-speed railway]]]]
Shenyang is the [[railway hub]] of [[Northeast China]]. Eight railways connect Shenyang with [[Beijing]], [[Dalian]], [[Changchun]], [[Harbin]] and [[Fushun]]. The city is also served by the [[Qinhuangdao–Shenyang high-speed railway]], the main passenger transport corridor in and out across the [[Shanhai Pass]], and the first passenger-specific railway line in China. In early 2007, a {{convert|200|km/h|abbr=on}} high-speed train decreased travel time between [[Beijing]] and Shenyang by almost three-fold to around 4 hours. The [[Harbin–Dalian high-speed railway]] opened in late 2012 and connects Shenyang with other major cities in Northeast China such as [[Harbin]], [[Changchun]] and [[Dalian]] at speeds of up to {{convert|300|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Harbin-Dalian High-speed railway starts summer schedule |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2013-04/21/c_132327435.htm |publisher=Xinhua |access-date=9 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001214413/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2013-04/21/c_132327435.htm |archive-date=1 October 2013}}</ref>

Shenyang has two major railway stations: the [[Shenyang North railway station]] in [[Shenhe District]], and the [[Shenyang railway station]] in [[Heping District, Shenyang|Heping District]].<ref>中国铁道出版社地图制作中心 编. 中华人民共和国铁路地图集. 2008. {{ISBN|978-7-113-05554-7}}</ref>[[File:Liaoning Station before 1949.jpeg|thumb|The old Liaoning General Station]]
[[File:Shenyangbei Railway Station.jpg|thumb|Shenyangbei Railway Station in 2024]]
The '''Shenyang North Railway Station''' ({{lang-zh|s=沈阳北站|p=Shěnyáng Běi Zhàn}}) was formerly the '''Liaoning General Station''' ({{lang-zh|t=遼寧總站|p=Liáoníng Zǒngzhàn|labels=no}}) before 1946, and colloquially known as the "Old North Station". The original station building (now an [[Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level|MHCSPNL]]-listed heritage building), initially named the '''Fengtian City Station''' ({{lang-zh|t=奉天城站|p=Fèngtīan Chéng Zhàn|labels=no}}) at the time of completion, was built in 1927 at the terminal point of [[Beijing–Harbin Railway|Jingfeng Railway]], about {{convert|1|km|mi|abbr=on}} southwest of the current station site, on the orders of warlord [[Zhang Zuolin]] to compete with the then Japanese-administered Shenyang Railway Station. The Main Station Building ({{lang-zh|c=主站房|labels=no}}) of the current "New North Station" began construction in 1986 and was commissioned for operation in December 1990, and became one of the five most important railway hubs in China, earning itself the nickname "'''Northeast's No. 1 Station'''" ({{lang-zh|s=东北第一站|labels=no}}).<ref name="hscb">{{cite news |author=李淑娟 |script-title=zh:沈阳北站被称为"东北第一站" |url=http://news.liao1.com/epaper/hscb/html/2009-09/26/content_129031.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212043350/http://news.liao1.com/epaper/hscb/html/2009-09/26/content_129031.htm |archive-date=2013-12-12 |script-work=zh:《华商晨报》 |location=Shenyang, Liaoning |date=2009-09-26 |access-date=2013-06-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |script-title=zh:沈阳北站: "京哈铁路"动脉上的心脏 |url=http://news.liao1.com/newspage/2009/08/4319472.html |script-work=zh:《沈阳日报》 |date=2009-08-23 |access-date=2013-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203112158/http://news.liao1.com/newspage/2009/08/4319472.html |archive-date=2013-12-03}}</ref> In 2011, a huge expansion project known as the "North Station Transport Hub Reconstruction Project" ({{lang-zh|s=北站交通枢纽改造工程|labels=no}}) was initiated in response to the growing demand of floor area posed by the increasing passenger traffic after introduction of the [[High-speed rail in China|high-speed rail]] service. The station now has an additional 3-storey "Sub-Station Building" ({{lang-zh|s=子站房|labels=no}}) and a "North Square" ({{lang-zh|s=北广场|labels=no}}) on the northern (Huanggu District) side of the railways, while the old waiting lounge in the original 16-storey Main Station Building is now relocated to a large elevated concourse that bridges over the rail tracks, with a pillar-less roof (the largest in mainland China) doming the platforms. The original South Square ({{lang-zh|s=南广场|labels=no}}) outside the Main Station Building was rebuilt into a multi-levelled complex, with two above ground forming an elevated airport-style drop-off zone and a large ground-level area for bus stops, as well as a three-level underground city providing shopping malls, parking lots, taxi pick-up and interchange with [[Line 2, Shenyang Metro|Subway Line 2]], while also capable of rapid conversion into an [[air raid shelter]] if needed.

[[File:Shenyang Railway Station.jpg|thumb|Shenyang Railway Station]]
The '''Shenyang Railway Station''' ({{lang-zh|s=沈阳站|p=Shěnyáng Zhàn}}) has a history of more than 100 years. It was built by the Russians in 1899 on the eastern side of the [[South Manchurian Railway]] and was named the '''Fengtian Station''' ({{lang-zh|t=奉天站|p=Fèngtiān Zhàn}}) at the time. It was later expanded by the Japanese after the [[Russo-Japanese War]] and renamed to '''Fengtian [[Yam (route)|Yam]]''' ({{lang-zh|t=奉天驛|p=Fèngtiān Yì}}) until the end of the [[World War II]]. Before adopting its current name, the station was known as the '''Shenyang South Railway Station''' ({{lang-zh|t=瀋陽南站|p=Shěnyáng Nán Zhàn}}) or simply the "South Station" (in contrast to the forementioned "North Station") between 1945 and 1950, a name the locals still use colloquially to present days (though the current [[Shenyang South railway station]] is actually at the suburban junction between [[Hunnan]] and [[Sujiatun]]). Today, the station focuses on regular-speed passenger service and is being refurbished with a large archway and new terminal, reducing access to the boarding platforms by rerouting customers under and over ground while construction is completed. The station was expanded in 2010 with the addition of a new West Station Building ({{lang-zh|s=西站房|labels=no}}) and a West Square ({{lang-zh|s=西广场|labels=no}}) on the western side of the railways.<ref name="沈阳站西">{{cite news |author=李莉 |script-title=zh:沈阳站西出口明年底建成 西广场建设规划已敲定 |url=http://liaoning.nen.com.cn/liaoning/223/3678223.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212193719/http://liaoning.nen.com.cn/liaoning/223/3678223.shtml |archive-date=2013-12-12 |script-work=zh:《沈阳日报》 |publisher=沈阳日报传媒集团 |date=2010-12-21 |access-date=2013-08-02}}</ref> The old East Station Building ({{lang-zh|s=东站房|labels=no}}) is currently on the provincial protected heritage list.

Since 2011, a daily direct [[rail freight transport|container rail service]] has carried automotive parts {{convert|11000|km|mi|abbr=on}} from [[Leipzig, Germany]] to Shenyang through [[Siberia]] with a 23-day transit time.<ref name="siberia">[http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/db-schenker-to-launch-daily-freight-train-to-china.html DB Schenker to launch daily freight train to China] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621041859/http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/db-schenker-to-launch-daily-freight-train-to-china.html |date=June 21, 2012 }} ''[[Railway Gazette International]]'', 30 September 2011. Accessed: 4 October 2011.</ref>