Editing Schizophrenia (section)

==Society and culture==
{{See also|List of people with schizophrenia|Religion and schizophrenia|}}In the United States, the annual cost of schizophrenia – including direct costs (outpatient, inpatient, drugs, and long-term care) and non-healthcare costs (law enforcement, reduced workplace productivity, and unemployment) – was estimated at $62.7&nbsp;billion for the year 2002.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wu EQ, Birnbaum HG, Shi L, Ball DE, Kessler RC, Moulis M, Aggarwal J | title = The economic burden of schizophrenia in the United States in 2002 | journal = The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry | volume = 66 | issue = 9 | pages = 1122–1129 | date = September 2005 | pmid = 16187769 | doi = 10.4088/jcp.v66n0906 }}</ref>{{efn|A 2007 review stated that the 2002 estimate was still the best available,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = McEvoy JP | title = The costs of schizophrenia | journal = The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry | volume = 68 | issue = Suppl 14 | pages = 4–7 | date = 2007 | pmid = 18284271 | doi =  }}</ref> and a 2018 review cited the same $62.7&nbsp;billion.<ref>
{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhang W, Amos TB, Gutkin SW, et al |title=A systematic literature review of the clinical and health economic burden of schizophrenia in privately insured patients in the United States |journal=Clinicoecon Outcomes Res |volume=10 |issue= |pages=309–320 |date=2018 |pmid=29922078 |pmc=5997131 |doi=10.2147/CEOR.S156308 |doi-access=free }}</ref>}} In the UK the cost in 2016 was put at £11.8&nbsp;billion per year with a third of that figure directly attributable to the cost of hospital, social care and treatment.<ref name="Lancet2016" />

=== Stigma ===
[[File:John Forbes Nash, Jr. by Peter Badge.jpg|thumb|upright|[[John Forbes Nash|John Nash]], an American mathematician and joint recipient of the 1994 [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences]], had schizophrenia. His life was the subject of the 1998 book, ''[[A Beautiful Mind (book)|A Beautiful Mind]]'', by [[Sylvia Nasar]].]]

In 2002, the term for schizophrenia in Japan was changed from {{nihongo||精神分裂病|seishin-bunretsu-byō|lit. 'mind-split disease'}} to {{nihongo||統合失調症|tōgō-shitchō-shō|lit. 'integration–dysregulation syndrome'}} to reduce [[Social stigma|stigma]] and confusion with "multiple personalities".<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Yamaguchi S, Mizuno M, Ojio Y, Sawada U, Matsunaga A, Ando S, Koike S | title = Associations between renaming schizophrenia and stigma-related outcomes: A systematic review | journal = Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences | volume = 71 | issue = 6 | pages = 347–362 | date = June 2017 | pmid = 28177184 | doi = 10.1111/pcn.12510 | doi-access = free }}</ref> The new name, also interpreted as "integration disorder", was inspired by the biopsychosocial model.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sato M | title = Renaming schizophrenia: a Japanese perspective | journal = World Psychiatry | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 53–55 | date = February 2006 | pmid = 16757998 | pmc = 1472254 }}</ref> A similar change was made in South Korea in 2012 to attunement disorder.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Park SC, Park YC | title = Korea in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition | journal = Journal of Korean Medical Science | volume = 35 | issue = 2 | pages = e6 | date = January 2020 | pmid = 31920014 | pmc = 6955430 | doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e6 | edition = Fifth }}</ref>

Stigma may prevent further research and treatment as in history treated some in the past invariably worse to recovery.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

=== Cultural depictions ===
Media coverage, especially movies, reinforce the public perception of an association between schizophrenia and violence.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fazel S, Gulati G, Linsell L, Geddes JR, Grann M | title = Schizophrenia and violence: systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = PLOS Medicine | volume = 6 | issue = 8 | pages = e1000120 | date = August 2009 | pmid = 19668362 | pmc = 2718581 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000120 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> A majority of movies have historically depicted characters with schizophrenia as criminal, dangerous, violent, unpredictable and homicidal, and depicted delusions and hallucinations as the main symptoms of schizophrenic characters, ignoring other common symptoms,<ref name= Owen2012>{{cite journal |vauthors=Owen PR |title=Portrayals of schizophrenia by entertainment media: a content analysis of contemporary movies |journal=Psychiatr Serv |volume=63 |issue=7 |pages=655–9 |date=July 2012 |pmid=22555313 |doi=10.1176/appi.ps.201100371}}</ref> furthering stereotypes of schizophrenia including the idea of a split personality.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Katschnig H |title=Psychiatry's contribution to the public stereotype of schizophrenia: Historical considerations |journal=J Eval Clin Pract |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=1093–1100 |date=October 2018 |pmid=30112785 |pmc=6174929 |doi=10.1111/jep.13011 }}</ref>

The book ''[[A Beautiful Mind (book)|A Beautiful Mind]]'' chronicled the life of [[John Forbes Nash]] who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia and won the [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences]]. The book was made into a [[A Beautiful Mind (film)|film with the same name]]; an earlier documentary film was ''[[A Brilliant Madness]]''.

In the UK, guidelines for reporting conditions and award campaigns have shown a reduction in negative reporting since 2013.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Chen M, Lawrie S |title=Newspaper depictions of mental and physical health. |journal=BJPsych Bulletin |volume=41 |issue=6 |pages=308–313 |date=December 2017 |pmid=29234506 |doi=10.1192/pb.bp.116.054775|pmc=5709678 }}</ref>

In 1964 a [[case study]] of three males diagnosed with schizophrenia who each had the delusional belief that they were [[Jesus|Jesus Christ]] was published as ''[[The Three Christs of Ypsilanti]]''; a film with the title ''[[Three Christs]]'' was released in 2020.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dyga K, Stupak R | title = Ways of understanding of religious delusions associated with a change of identity on the example of identification with Jesus Christ. | journal=Psychiatria Polska | date = 28 February 2018 | volume = 52 | issue = 1 | pages = 69–80 | doi=10.12740/PP/64378 | pmid=29704415| doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dein S, Littlewood R | title = Religion and psychosis: a common evolutionary trajectory? | journal = Transcultural Psychiatry | date = July 2011 | volume = 48 | issue = 3 | pages =318–335 | doi = 10.1177/1363461511402723 | pmid = 21742955| s2cid = 12991391 }}</ref>