Editing Romanticism (section)

===Chess===
{{main|Romantic chess}}

[[Romantic chess]] was the style of [[chess]] which emphasized quick, tactical maneuvers characterized by aesthetic beauty rather than long-term strategic planning, which was considered to be of secondary importance.<ref name="Shenk, 2007">{{cite book |author=David Shenk |title=The Immortal Game: A History of Chess |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780385510103 |url-access=registration |year=2007 |publisher=Knopf Doubleday |page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780385510103/page/99 99]|isbn=978-0-307-38766-0 }}</ref> The Romantic era in chess is generally considered to have begun around the 18th century (although a primarily tactical style of chess was predominant even earlier),<ref>{{Cite web|last=Swaner|first=Billy|date=2021-01-08|title=Chess History Guide : Chess Style Evolution|url=https://www.chess-game-strategies.com/chess-history-guide-chess-style-evolution/|access-date=2021-04-20|website=Chess Game Strategies|language=en-US}}</ref> and to have reached its peak with Joseph MacDonnell and Pierre LaBourdonnais, the two dominant chess players in the 1830s. The 1840s were dominated by [[Howard Staunton]], and other leading players of the era included [[Adolf Anderssen]], [[Daniel Harrwitz]], [[Henry Bird (chess player)|Henry Bird]], [[Louis Paulsen]], and [[Paul Morphy]]. The "[[Immortal Game]]", played by Anderssen and [[Lionel Kieseritzky]] on [[21 June]] 1851 in London—where Anderssen made bold [[sacrifice (chess)|sacrifices]] to secure victory, giving up both [[rook (chess)|rooks]] and a bishop, then his [[queen (chess)|queen]], and then [[checkmate|checkmating]] his opponent with his three remaining [[minor piece]]s—is considered a supreme example of Romantic chess.<ref>{{cite book |title=Teach Yourself Chess |author=Hartston, Bill |publisher=Hodder & Stoughton |isbn=978-0-340-67039-2 |year=1996 |page=[https://archive.org/details/chess0000hart_g7f1/page/150 150] |author-link=William Hartston |url=https://archive.org/details/chess0000hart_g7f1/page/150 }}</ref> The end of the Romantic era in chess is considered to be the [[Vienna 1873 chess tournament|1873 Vienna Tournament]] where [[Wilhelm Steinitz]] popularized positional play and the closed game.