Editing River Don, Yorkshire (section)

===Bridges in Sheffield area===

====Hillfoot Bridge====
[[File:Neepsend - Hillfoot Bridge.jpg|thumb|top|left|Hillfoot Bridge]] This bridge carries Neepsend Lane (B6074) over the River Don. On 11 March 1864, the previous wooden bridge was swept away by the [[Great Sheffield Flood]], caused by the collapse of [[Dale Dike Dam]].<ref name="FloodPics7">{{cite web|url=http://mick-armitage.staff.shef.ac.uk/sheffield/photogal/picflud7.html |title=Great Sheffield Flood Pictures (7) |publisher=Sheffield University |access-date=29 November 2010}}</ref> The bridge was replaced by a three-arched stone structure in 1885. Alterations made in 1912 included rounded approaches, and lighting was provided by cast-iron gas lamps, contributed by the Neepsend Gasworks, which was located nearby.<ref>{{NHLE |num=1271240 |desc=Hillfoot bridge |access-date=19 July 2013}}</ref>

====Rutland Road Bridge====
[[File:Neepsend - Rutland Road Bridge.jpg|thumb|top|right|Rutland Road Bridge]] This bridge carries Rutland Road (B6070) over the River Don. In the 1800s, this bridge was commonly known as Neepsend Bridge.<ref name="FloodPics7"/> In the Great Sheffield Flood of 1864, the [[Neepsend]] bridge managed to withstand the onslaught although a large amount of debris was piled up against it. The three elliptical arches were built in 1854, although the parapet is slightly later, as it had to be rebuilt following damage sustained during the flood.<ref>{{NHLE |num=1271002 |desc=Rutland Road bridge |access-date=19 July 2013}}</ref>

====Ball Street Bridge====
[[File:Sheffield - Ball Street Bridge over River Don.jpg|thumb|top|left|Ball Street Bridge]] This road bridge carries Ball Street over the River Don. The original footbridge at this point was destroyed in the Great Sheffield Flood of 1864. Samuel Harrison writes: "The Ball Street foot bridge, adjoining Mr. Mills's tannery, was destroyed. Although it was constructed of iron, it was torn down by the force of the water, and bent about as though it were only a piece of pasteboard. A large portion of it might be seen long afterwards lying in the river in a sloping position, and not entirely disconnected from its original position at one end."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mick-armitage.staff.shef.ac.uk/sheffield/photogal/picflud8.html|title=Great Sheffield Flood Pictures (8)|publisher=Sheffield University|access-date=29 November 2010}}</ref> It was rebuilt in 1865, with three cast-iron spans which were manufactured at the Milton Iron Works in [[Elsecar]]. It features pierced Gothic parapets.<ref>{{harvnb |Harman |2004 |p=170}}</ref> The spans are carried on stone piers, and the bridge was widened in 1900.<ref>{{NHLE |num=1246509 |desc=Ball Street bridge |access-date=19 July 2013}}</ref> Kelham Weir (also known as Ball Street Weir) is just downstream of the bridge.

====Borough Bridge====
[[File:Kelham Island - Borough Bridge.jpg|thumb|top|right|Borough Bridge]]
Borough bridge and Corporation Street, which crosses it, were laid out as part of the same development, and named to celebrate the incorporation of Sheffield as a borough. Samual Worth and Samual Furness Holmes were responsible for its design, and the foundation stone carries the date 12 March 1853.<ref name=udw>Upper Don Walk, interpretation board by bridge</ref> The bridge is built of stone, has three segmental arches, and was completed in 1856. It is a [[grade II listed]] structure.<ref>{{NHLE |num=1247312 |desc=Borough bridge |access-date=19 July 2013}}</ref> During the Great Flood, large quantities of debris built up behind it, and then caused the iron bridge below it to be swept away.<ref name=udw/> Corporation Street is now part of the A61, and the bridge forms the west side of the inner relief road roundabout.

====Iron Footbridge====
The iron footbridge in the middle of the roundabout on the A61 inner ring road was first built as a wooden bridge around 1726. It was important, as it enabled people to reach an old road which ran to Leeds and Barnsley, passing through Pitsmoor. In 1795 it was replaced by one of the earliest iron bridges, made by Samual Walker, an ironmaster from [[Rotherham]] and was depicted by an unknown artist, circa 1840.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/bridge-and-white-rails-at-bridgehouses-sheffield-72852 |title=Bridge and White Rails at Bridgehouses. Sheffield |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|publisher=[[Art UK]] |access-date=31 January 2014}}</ref> The famous [[The Iron Bridge|iron bridge]] at [[Coalbrookdale]] had been built only 15 years earlier, and there were only 7 or 8 other iron bridges in the world. It was swept away in 1864, and replaced by a new iron bridge, built at the Milton Ironworks near [[Elsecar]]. It was partially rebuilt in 1921, and the iron balustrade is marked "J Butler & Co Ltd, Stanningley Ironworks, Leeds 1921". Its function was replaced by Borough bridge when Sheffield Rolling Mills and Forge built over the path which ran from it to Millsands and Bridge Street, but it remains in place because it also carries a large water main over the river.<ref name=udw/><ref>{{cite book |last1= Fielder |first1= Robin |last2= Pounder |first2= Steve |title= The Furnace Trail |publisher= The Upper Don Walk Trust |year= 2008 }}</ref> This bridge has recently been adopted by a 'Friends Group' and has received a substantial 'make-over'. Various 'street art' installations enhance its historical interest.

====A61 Roundabout east side bridge====
This road bridge carries the A61 inner relief road over the river. It was built as part of a £65&nbsp;million scheme to divert traffic away from the city centre, which included {{convert|0.94|mi|km|sigfig=2}} of dual carriageway running from Penistone Road to the Wicker. The road was opened on 22 November 2007 by Rosie Winterton MP.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inner Relief Road |publisher=Sheffield City Council |url=http://www.sheffield.gov.uk/roads/schemes/completed/irr |access-date=5 November 2010}}</ref>
[[File:Nursery Street Footbride, Sheffield.jpg|thumb|Nursery Street footbridge]]

====Nursery Street Footbridge====
This footbridge connects the re-development of the former Exchange Brewery site on the west side of the River Don with Nursery Street on the east. The bridge was built around 2005.

====Lady's Bridge====
{{main|Lady's Bridge}}

[[File:Sheffield - Lady's Bridge.jpg|thumb|top|right|Lady's Bridge]] This bridge carries the A6135 over the River Don and connects Sheffield city centre with [[Wicker (Sheffield)|The Wicker]]. [[Lady's Bridge]] is the oldest bridge crossing the Don within Sheffield, its five arches being constructed in 1485. It was widened on the south-east side in the late 19th&nbsp;century, was restored in the late 20th&nbsp;century, and is a [[Listed Building|Grade II listed structure]].<ref>{{NHLE |num=1270796 |desc=Lady's Bridge |access-date=19 July 2013}}</ref> Wicker Weir is just upstream of Lady's Bridge.

====Blonk Street Bridge====
The culverted [[River Sheaf]] joins the Don beside Blonk Street bridge, named after Benjamin Blonk, who was the tenant of Castle Orchards Wheel from the 1750s to the 1770s.<ref>{{harvnb |Ball |Crossley |Flavell |2006 |p=191}}</ref> The three-arched bridge was built by Woodhead and Hurst between 1827 and 1828. It was altered in 1913 and has cast iron balustrades.<ref>{{harvnb |Harman |2004 |p=157}}</ref>

====Willey Street footbridge====
To link The Wicker with Furnival Road, a new {{convert|44|yd|m|adj=on}} steel footbridge was erected on 14 July 2010. The bridge was funded by the Environment Agency, Yorkshire Forward and the European Regional Development Fund as part of a multimillion-pound scheme to regenerate The Wicker and surrounding area. Original plans were for a {{convert|98|yd|m|adj=on}} bridge crossing the river at an angle, but the more direct route was eventually adopted. It is part of some flood defence improvements, and includes a trap for floating debris beneath it. The design is based on butterfly wings, and the project also included a new link to the Five Weirs Walk and the installation of footway lighting.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/localnews/Spick-and-span.6421760.jp |title=New Don Footbridge |work=Yorkshire Post |date=15 July 2010 |access-date=17 December 2010}}</ref>

====Derek Dooley Way Bridge====
This bridge takes the [[Sheffield Inner Ring Road]] over the River Don. This part of the ring road was finished in 2000 as Cutlers Gate and was subsequently renamed in 2008 as [[Derek Dooley (footballer)|Derek Dooley]] Way,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thestar.co.uk/news/Delight-at-Derek-Dooley-Way.4311970.jp |title=Delight at Derek Dooley Way |work=The Star |date=23 July 2008}}</ref> in honour of the late Sheffielder who played football for [[Sheffield Wednesday]] before breaking his leg and going on to perform various backroom roles across the city at [[Sheffield United F.C.|Sheffield United]]. The Derek Dooley Way named section of the ring road runs from the Parkway to the Wicker.

====Wicker Viaduct====
[[File:Sheffield - River Don span of Wicker Viaduct.jpg|thumb|top|right|River Don span of Wicker Viaduct]] The [[Wicker Arches]] are a {{convert|660|yd|m|adj=on}} railway viaduct, designed by the architects Weightman, Hadfield and Goldie to a specification by the engineer [[Sir John Fowler, 1st Baronet|Sir John Fowler]] in 1848. They were built by Miller, Blackie and Shortedge, and carried the [[Great Central Railway]] to Manchester across the canal, roads and the River Don at The Wicker.<ref>{{harvnb |Rennison |1996 |pp=200–201}}</ref> The 27 southern arches are wider than the 12 to the north of the Wicker, as [[Sheffield Victoria railway station]] was built on them. The arch that takes the railway over the Don has stone abutments and a lattice girder span which was made in the late 19th&nbsp;century.<ref>{{NHLE |num=1270747 |desc=Wicker Arches |access-date=19 July 2013}}</ref> The [[Cobweb Bridge]] is suspended from this span.

====Cobweb Bridge====
The Cobweb Bridge was completed in 2002. Its design was the solution to the difficult problem of how to pass the [[Five Weirs Walk]], a waymarked cycle path and walkway which follows the river from Lady's Bridge to Meadowhall, under the massive Wicker Arches Viaduct and at the same time link one bank of the River Don to the other. Without the bridge, the footpath would have had to make a {{convert|1|mi|km|adj=on}} detour. Designed by Sheffield City Council's Structures Section, the entire {{convert|330|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} bridge is suspended on a web of steel cables secured to the underside of the viaduct, and it is this feature which gives it its name.

====Bailey Bridge====
[[File:Sheffield - Bailey Bridge.jpg|thumb|top|right|Bailey Bridge]] This is part of a {{convert|550|yd|m|adj=on}} section of the Five Weirs Walk that crosses the river from Effingham Road to Attercliffe Road. The bridge here makes use of an historic Second World War [[Bailey bridge]]. The bridge was placed here on 15 October 2006, was constructed in 1945, was built probably for the D-Day landings and was chosen deliberately to celebrate the world-beating engineering design. The unique features of the invention were that a bridge capable of carrying tanks could be erected in a matter of hours from standard lightweight modules with little more than human muscle power and hand tools.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fiveweirs.co.uk/bailey%20bridge.htm|title=Sheffield Bailey Bridge|publisher=Five Weirs Walk Trust Ltd|access-date=3 December 2010}}</ref>

====Midland Railway Viaduct====
[[File:Attercliffe - Burton Weir and Norfolk Bridge.jpg|thumb|top|left|Burton Weir, Norfolk Bridge and Midland Railway Viaduct]] This viaduct carries the railway from [[Sheffield]] to [[Meadowhall Interchange]] and the rest of [[Yorkshire]]. The railway was opened by the [[Midland Railway]] in 1870, at the same time as the current [[Sheffield Station]] on Pond Street replaced the [[Sheffield Wicker railway station]]. Under the north-most arch of the 4-arch viaduct is suspended a metal walkway, which is part of the Five Weirs Walk.

====Norfolk Bridge====
This 3-arch bridge was built in 1856 and carries Leveson Street (B6071) over the river. It was named after [[Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk]].<ref>{{NHLE |num=1271293 |desc=Norfolk bridge |access-date=19 July 2013}}</ref> He was a British Conservative politician and philanthropist. He served as Postmaster General between 1895 and 1900, but is best remembered for his philanthropical work, which concentrated on Roman Catholic causes and the city of Sheffield. In July 1897 he was appointed the first Lord Mayor of Sheffield. He was made an honorary Freeman of the City of Sheffield in 1900. He also donated funds for the building of the University of Sheffield and was its initial Chancellor between 1905 and 1917. Burton Weir is immediately downstream of Norfolk Bridge.