Editing Risk management (section)

===Wilderness===
The management of risks to persons and property in [[wilderness]] and remote natural areas has developed with increases in outdoor recreation participation and decreased social tolerance for loss.  Organizations providing commercial wilderness experiences can now align with national and international consensus standards for training and equipment such as [[American National Standards Institute|ANSI]]/NASBLA 101-2017 (boating),<ref>{{cite web|title=American National Standard ANSI/NASBLA 101-2017: Basic Boating Knowledge—Human Propelled|url= https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.americancanoe.org/resource/resmgr/spp-documents/ANSI_NASBLA_101-2017_Human_P.pdf|access-date=2018-11-01}}</ref> [[International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation|UIAA]] 152 (ice climbing tools),<ref>{{cite web|title=UIAA Standard 152: Ice Tools|url=https://www.theuiaa.org/documents/safety-standards/152_IceTools_UIAA2018.pdf|access-date=2018-11-01|archive-date=2020-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820122214/https://www.theuiaa.org/documents/safety-standards/152_IceTools_UIAA2018.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[European Committee for Standardization|European Norm]] 13089:2015 + A1:2015 (mountaineering equipment).<ref>{{cite web|title=EN 13089 Mountaineering equipment – Ice-tools – Safety requirements and test methods (includes Amendment A1:2015)|url= https://www.en-standard.eu/din-en-13089-mountaineering-equipment-ice-tools-safety-requirements-and-test-methods-includes-amendment-a1-2015/|access-date=2018-11-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Irish Standard I.S.EN 13089:2011+A1:2015 Mountaineering equipment – Ice-tools – Safety requirements and test methods|url= https://infostore.saiglobal.com/preview/is/en/2011/i.s.en13089-2011%2Ba1-2015.pdf?sku=1458668|access-date=2018-11-01}}</ref> The [[Association for Experiential Education]] offers accreditation for wilderness adventure programs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Association for Experiential Education|url=  https://www.aee.org/standards2|access-date=2018-11-01}}</ref> The [[Wilderness Risk Management Conference]] provides access to best practices, and specialist organizations provide wilderness risk management consulting and training.<ref>{{cite web|title=NOLS Risk Services|url= https://www.nols.edu/en/about/risk-services/|access-date=2018-11-01}}</ref>

The text Outdoor Safety – Risk Management for Outdoor Leaders,<ref>{{cite book |last=Haddock |date=2013 |title=Outdoor safety : risk management for outdoor leaders |url= https://www.redmoose.co.nz/SHOP/outdoor-books-guides/574-bushcraft-manual-outdoor-skills-for-the-nz-bush-40--9780908931309.html |location=Wellington, NZ |publisher= New Zealand Mountain Safety Council |isbn=9780908931309}}</ref> published by the New Zealand Mountain Safety Council, provides a view of wilderness risk management from the New Zealand perspective, recognizing the value of national outdoor safety legislation and devoting considerable attention to the roles of judgment and decision-making processes in wilderness risk management.

One popular models for risk assessment is the Risk Assessment and Safety Management (RASM) Model developed by Rick Curtis, author of The Backpacker's Field Manual.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Outdoor Leadership and Education|last=Schneider|first=Ari|date=23 May 2018|publisher=Xalibu LLC |isbn=9781732348202}}</ref> The formula for the RASM Model is: Risk = Probability of Accident × Severity of Consequences. The RASM Model weighs negative risk—the potential for loss, against positive risk—the potential for growth.