Editing Renewable energy (section)

=== Usage by sector or application ===
Some studies say that a global transition to [[100% renewable energy]] across all sectors – power, heat, transport and industry – is feasible and economically viable.<ref name="Bogdanov-2021">{{Cite journal |last1=Bogdanov |first1=Dmitrii |last2=Gulagi |first2=Ashish |last3=Fasihi |first3=Mahdi |last4=Breyer |first4=Christian |date=2021-02-01 |title=Full energy sector transition towards 100% renewable energy supply: Integrating power, heat, transport and industry sectors including desalination |journal=Applied Energy |language=en |volume=283 |pages=116273 |bibcode=2021ApEn..28316273B |doi=10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116273 |issn=0306-2619 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Teske-2019">{{Cite book |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-05843-2 |title=Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals |journal=<!----> |year=2019 |isbn=978-3-030-05842-5 |editor-last1=Teske |editor-first1=Sven |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-05843-2 |s2cid=198078901}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jacobson |first1=Mark Z. |last2=von Krauland |first2=Anna-Katharina |last3=Coughlin |first3=Stephen J. |last4=Dukas |first4=Emily |last5=Nelson |first5=Alexander J. H. |last6=Palmer |first6=Frances C. |last7=Rasmussen |first7=Kylie R. |date=2022 |title=Low-cost solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy insecurity for 145 countries |url=http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D2EE00722C |journal=Energy & Environmental Science |language=en |volume=15 |issue=8 |pages=3343–3359 |doi=10.1039/D2EE00722C |bibcode=2022EnEnS..15.3343J |issn=1754-5692 |s2cid=250126767}}</ref>

One of the efforts to decarbonize transportation is the increased use of [[electric vehicle]]s (EVs).<ref name="wg3">{{cite web |title=Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/ |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=IPCC Sixth Assessment Report}}</ref> Despite that and the use of [[biofuel]]s, such as [[Aviation biofuel|biojet]], less than 4% of transport energy is from renewables.<ref name="Ren21b">{{Cite web |title=Renewables 2022 Global Status Report |url=https://www.ren21.net/gsr-2022 |access-date=2022-06-20 |website=www.ren21.net |language=en}}</ref> Occasionally [[hydrogen fuel cells]] are used for heavy transport.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mishra |first=Twesh |title=India to develop and build first indigenous Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vessel |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/renewables/india-to-develop-and-build-first-indigenous-hydrogen-fuel-cell-vessel/articleshow/91210545.cms |access-date=2022-05-09 |work=The Economic Times}}</ref> Meanwhile, in the future [[electrofuels]] may also play a greater role in decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors like aviation and maritime shipping.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trakimavicius |first=Lukas |date=December 2023 |title=Mission Net-Zero: Charting the Path for E-fuels in the Military |url=https://www.enseccoe.org/publications/mission-net-zero-charting-the-path-for-e-fuels-in-the-military/ |publisher=NATO Energy Security Centre of Excellence}}</ref>

[[Solar water heating]] makes an important contribution to [[renewable heat]] in many countries, most notably in China, which now has 70% of the global total (180&nbsp;GWth). Most of these systems are installed on multi-family apartment buildings<ref>{{Cite web |title=IEA SHC {{!}}{{!}} Solar Heat Worldwide |url=https://www.iea-shc.org/solar-heat-worldwide |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=www.iea-shc.org}}</ref> and meet a portion of the hot water needs of an estimated 50–60 million households in China. Worldwide, total installed solar water heating systems meet a portion of the water heating needs of over 70 million households.

[[Heat pumps]] provide both heating and cooling, and also flatten the electric demand curve and are thus an increasing priority.<ref name="energy.gov">{{cite web |title=Geothermal Heat Pumps - Department of Energy |url=http://energy.gov/energysaver/geothermal-heat-pumps |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116185714/http://energy.gov/energysaver/geothermal-heat-pumps |archive-date=16 January 2016 |access-date=14 January 2016 |website=energy.gov}}</ref> [[Renewable thermal energy]] is also growing rapidly.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fast Growth for Copper-Based Geothermal Heating & Cooling |url=http://en.coppercanada.ca/videos-publications/videos/bright-new-age/geothermal.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426225322/http://en.coppercanada.ca/videos-publications/videos/bright-new-age/geothermal.html |archive-date=26 April 2019 |access-date=26 April 2019}}</ref> About 10% of heating and cooling energy is from renewables.<ref name="Ren21a">{{Cite web |title=Renewables 2021 Global Status Report |url=https://www.ren21.net/gsr-2021 |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=www.ren21.net |language=en}}</ref>