Editing Reformation (section)

===New Orders===
[[File:Exercitia Spiritualia 1ed2.jpg|thumb|right|alt=A page with printed text|Title page of the first edition of the ''[[Spiritual Exercises]]'' by [[Ignatius of Loyola]], published in 1548]]
The spread of new monastic orders was an important element of the Catholic reform movement. Most new orders placed great value on pastoral care.{{refn|group=note|The [[Theatines]] offered pastoral care for the needy and the sick, especially for those who suffered from syphilis,{{sfn|Collinson|2005|p=93}} the [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|Capuchins]] were itinerant friars also preaching to the poor and the sick.{{sfn|Kaufmann|2023|p=213}}}} Among them, the [[Society of Jesus]] (or Jesuits) became the most influential.{{sfn|Kaufmann|2023|pp=212–214}} Its founder [[Ignatius of Loyola]] (d. 1556) was born to a Basque noble family. He chose a military career but abandoned it after being wounded [[Italian War of 1521–1526|during a siege]]. He started to write a devotional guide, the ''[[Spiritual Exercises]]'', during his ascetic retreat [[Cave of Saint Ignatius|at a cave]].{{sfn|Lindberg|2021|pp=333–334}} [[Ignatian spirituality|His mysticism]] arouse the Spanish Inquisition's suspicion but the {{lang|it|Spirituali}} supported him. {{nowrap|Paul III}} sanctioned the establishment of the Jesuits on Contarini's influence in 1540.{{sfn|MacCulloch|2003|pp=215–216}} The new order quickly developed: when Loyola died, the Society had about 1,000 members; in less than a decade, it numbered around 3,500. The maintenance of a well organised schooling system was the Jesuits' most prominent feature. Their [[Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum|Roman collegium]] prepared future priests to discuss and reject Protestant theologies primarily in Germany, Bohemia, Poland, and Hungary.{{sfn|O'Malley|2006|pp=224, 227, 231}}