Editing Quorum sensing (section)

==Plants==
QS is important to plant-pathogen interactions, and their study has also contributed to the QS field more generally.<ref name="Pierson-et-al-1999" /><ref name="Bodman-et-al-2003" /> The first [[X-ray crystallography]] results for some of the key proteins were those of [[Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii|''Pantoea stewartii'' subsp. ''stewartii'']] in [[maize|maize/corn]]<ref name="Watson-et-al-2002" /><ref name="Bodman-et-al-2003" /> and ''[[Agrobacterium tumefaciens]]'', a [[crop pathogen]] with a wider range of hosts.<ref name="Vannini-et-al-2002" /><ref name="Zhang-et-al-2011" /><ref name="Bodman-et-al-2003" /> These interactions are facilitated by quorum-sensing molecules and play a major role in maintaining the pathogenicity of bacteria towards other hosts, such as humans. This mechanism can be understood by looking at the effects of [[N-Acyl homoserine lactone]] (AHL), one of the quorum sensing-signaling molecules in [[gram-negative bacteria]], on plants. The model organism used is ''[[Arabidopsis thaliana]]''.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Götz-Rösch C, Sieper T, Fekete A, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Hartmann A, Schröder P | title = Influence of bacterial N-acyl-homoserine lactones on growth parameters, pigments, antioxidative capacities and the xenobiotic phase II detoxification enzymes in barley and yam bean | journal = Frontiers in Plant Science | volume = 6 | pages = 205 | date = 2015-04-10 | pmid = 25914699 | pmc = 4392610 | doi = 10.3389/fpls.2015.00205 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Further insights reveal that AHLs influence plant immune responses and can alter plant hormone levels, thereby affecting plant growth and susceptibility to infection. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing innovative strategies to combat plant diseases and improve agricultural productivity. Researchers have also noted that certain plants can degrade these signaling molecules, potentially as a defensive strategy to disrupt bacterial communication. This interplay between bacterial signaling and plant responses suggests a complex co-evolutionary relationship that could be exploited to enhance crop resistance to bacterial pathogens.

The role of AHLs having long carbon-chains (C12, C14), which have an unknown receptor mechanism, is less well understood than AHLs having short carbon-chains (C4, C6, C8), which are perceived by the [[G protein-coupled receptor]]. A phenomenon called "AHL priming", which is a dependent signalling pathway, enhanced our knowledge of long-chain AHLs. The role of quorum-sensing molecules was better explained according to three categories: host physiology–based impact of quorum sensing molecules; ecological effects; and cellular signaling. Calcium signalling and [[calmodulin]] have a large role in short-chain AHLs' response in ''Arabidopsis''. Research was also conducted on [[barley]] and the crop called yam bean (''[[Pachyrhizus erosus]]'') that reveals the AHLs determining the detoxification enzymes called [[Glutathione S-transferase|GST]] were found less in yam bean.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hartmann A, Schikora A | title = Editorial: Plant responses to bacterial quorum sensing molecules | journal = Frontiers in Plant Science | volume = 6 | pages = 643 | date = 2015-08-19 | pmid = 26347761 | pmc = 4541025 | doi = 10.3389/fpls.2015.00643 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

Quorum sensing-based regulatory systems are necessary to plant-disease-causing bacteria. Looking towards developing new strategies based on plant-associated microbiomes, the aim of further study is to improve the quantity and quality of the food supply. Further research into this inter-kingdom communication also enhances the possibility of learning about quorum sensing in humans.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Von Bodman SB, Bauer WD, Coplin DL | title = Quorum sensing in plant-pathogenic bacteria | journal = Annual Review of Phytopathology | volume = 41 | issue = 1 | pages = 455–482 | date = 2003-01-01 | pmid = 12730390 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.phyto.41.052002.095652 | bibcode = 2003AnRvP..41..455V | s2cid = 3926735 }}</ref> This exploration could open new avenues for managing microbial communities in agricultural settings, potentially leading to the development of more sustainable farming practices that leverage natural microbial processes to boost crop resilience and productivity.