Editing Punk rock (section)

===Anarcho-punk===
{{Main|Anarcho-punk}}
[[File:Crass3.jpg|thumb|alt=Two members of the rock band Crass are shown at a performance. From left to right are an electric guitarist and a singer. Both are dressed in all-black clothing. The singer is making a hand gesture.|[[Crass]] were the originators of anarcho-punk.<ref name="W35">Wells (2004), p. 35.</ref> Spurning the "cult of rock star personality", their plain, all-black dress became a staple of the genre.<ref>Hardman (2007), p. 5.</ref>]]
Anarcho-punk developed alongside the Oi! and American hardcore movements. Inspired by [[Crass]], its [[Dial House, Essex|Dial House]] commune, and its independent [[Crass Records]] label, a scene developed around British bands such as [[Subhumans (British band)|Subhumans]], [[Flux of Pink Indians]], [[Conflict (band)|Conflict]], [[Poison Girls]], and [[The Apostles (band)|the Apostles]] that was as concerned with anarchist and DIY principles as it was with music. Several Crass members were of an older generation of artist and cultural provocateur and thus linked their version of punk directly back to the 1960s counterculture and early 1970s avant-gardism.<ref>McKay 1996, chapter 3.</ref> The acts featured ranting vocals, discordant instrumental sounds, seemingly primitive production values, and lyrics filled with political and social content, often addressing issues such as class inequalities and military violence.<ref name=G170>Gosling (2004), p. 170.</ref> Anarcho-punk disdained the older punk scene from which theirs had evolved. In historian Tim Gosling's description, they saw "safety pins and Mohicans as little more than ineffectual fashion posturing stimulated by the mainstream media and industry. [...] Whereas the Sex Pistols would proudly display bad manners and opportunism in their dealings with 'the establishment,' the anarcho-punks kept clear of 'the establishment' altogether".<ref>Gosling (2004), pp. 169–70.</ref>

The movement spun off several subgenres of a similar political bent. [[Discharge (band)|Discharge]], founded back in 1977, established [[D-beat]] in the early 1980s. Other groups in the movement, led by [[Amebix]] and [[Antisect]], developed the extreme style known as [[crust punk]]. Several of these bands rooted in anarcho-punk such as [[the Varukers]], Discharge, and Amebix, along with former Oi! groups such as [[the Exploited]] and bands from farther afield like Birmingham's [[Charged GBH]], became the leading figures in the [[UK 82]] hardcore movement. The anarcho-punk scene also spawned bands such as [[Napalm Death]], [[Carcass (band)|Carcass]], and [[Extreme Noise Terror]] that in the mid-1980s defined [[grindcore]], incorporating extremely fast tempos and [[death metal]]–style guitarwork.<ref>Purcell (2003), pp. 56–57.</ref> Led by Dead Kennedys, a U.S. anarcho-punk scene developed around such bands as Austin's [[MDC (band)|MDC]] and Southern California's Another Destructive System.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sosrecords.us/label/taxonomy/term/1 |title=News Items|website=SOS Records|date=March 12, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218223342/http://sosrecords.us/label/taxonomy/term/1 |archive-date=December 18, 2007}} [http://www.animamundi.org/links.html Links] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050227185258/http://www.animamundi.org/links.html |date=February 27, 2005 }} Anima Mundi. Both retrieved on November 25, 2007.</ref>