Editing Pine Bluff, Arkansas (section)

=== Utilities ===
==== Water ====
[[Liberty Utilities]] (formerly United Water), a subsidiary of [[Algonquin Power & Utilities]], a privately held company, treats [[potable water]] and operates the [[water distribution system]] in Pine Bluff (including [[Watson Chapel, Pine Bluff, Arkansas|Watson Chapel]]), as well as Hardin, Ladd, and [[White Hall, Arkansas|White Hall]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Community |url= http://www.libertyutilities.com/ar/about/community.html |publisher= Liberty Utilities |access-date= January 25, 2015 }}</ref> This partnership began in 1942 between the City of Pine Bluff and Arkansas Municipal Water Company, which has been acquired and merged to become Liberty Utilities.<ref>{{cite web |title= Water Quality Information |publisher= United Water Arkansas |year= 2007 |url= https://www.unitedwater.com/uploadedFiles/Localized_Content/UW_Bethel/50/UWAR_Consumer_Confidence_Report.pdf |access-date= January 25, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160313230451/https://unitedwater.com/uploadedfiles/localized_content/uw_bethel/50/uwar_consumer_confidence_report.pdf |archive-date= March 13, 2016 |url-status= dead |df= mdy-all }}</ref>

Water is pumped from 12 wells that pump from the Sparta Sand Aquifer to three water treatment plants capable of producing {{convert|20000000|gal|L}} per day (total). Each plant uses a process of pre-chlorination, aeration, filtration, and chlorine residual. [[Hexafluorosilicic acid|Hydrofluosilic acid]] and [[zinc orthophosphate]] are also added in addition to chlorine. The water is then distributed to approximately serving over 18,000 customers via {{convert|388|mi|km}} of water distribution mains.<ref>{{cite web |title= Water Quality Information |publisher= United Water Arkansas |date= June 2011 |url= https://www.unitedwater.com/uploadedFiles/Localized_Content/UW_Arkansas/20/UWAR_Consumer_Confidence_Report.pdf |access-date= January 25, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225355/https://www.unitedwater.com/uploadedFiles/Localized_Content/UW_Arkansas/20/UWAR_Consumer_Confidence_Report.pdf |archive-date= March 3, 2016 |url-status= dead |df= mdy-all }}</ref> A Source Water Vulnerability Assessment was conducted by the Arkansas Department of Health in 2013; it concluded that Pine Bluff's water supply is at medium susceptibility to contamination<ref>{{cite web |title= Annual Drinking Water Quality Report |url= http://www.libertyutilities.com/ar/saving/documents/LU_WaterQuality_2013.pdf |year= 2013 |publisher= Liberty Utilities |access-date= January 25, 2015 }}</ref>

==== Wastewater ====
The Pine Bluff Wastewater Utility provides operation and maintenance of the city's municipally owned [[sewage]] collection and conveyance system. This system includes over {{convert|450|mi|km}} of pipe and 52 lift stations to collect municipal and industrial wastewater and convey it to the Boyd Point Treatment Facility (BPTF). This facility treats and discharges treated effluent in accordance with a permit issued by the [[Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality]] (ADEQ). The BPTF was most recently renovated in 2010 and is currently permitted to discharge a maximum daily flow of {{convert|30000000|gal|L}}.<ref>{{cite web |title= Boyd Point Treatment Facility |url= http://www.adeq.state.ar.us/ftproot/Pub/WebDatabases/PermitsOnline/NPDES/Permits/AR0033316.pdf |work= NPDES Permit AR0033316 |publisher= Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality |access-date= January 25, 2015 }}</ref>

The utility has been awarded by the [[National Association of Clean Water Agencies]] for its performance. In an Enforcement Compliance review completed in March 2014, it was noted that zero permit violations had occurred within the past three years.<ref>{{cite web |title= Enforcement Compliance Review |url= http://www.adeq.state.ar.us/ftproot/Pub/WebDatabases/PermitsOnline/NPDES/PermitInformation/AR0033316_Enforcement%20Compliance%20Review_20140320.pdf |work= NPDES Permit AR0033316 |date= March 20, 2014 |publisher= Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality |access-date= January 25, 2015 }}</ref>