Editing Ophthalmology (section)

===20th–21st centuries===
* [[Volodymyr Filatov|Vladimir Petrovich Filatov]] (1875–1956) (Russia) contributed the tube flap grafting method, corneal transplantation, and preservation of grafts from cadaver eyes and tissue therapy; he founded the [[Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy]], Odessa, one of the leading eye-care institutes in the world.
* [[Shinobu Ishihara]] (1879–1963) (Japan), in 1918, invented the [[Ishihara test|Ishihara Color Vision Test]], a common method for determining [[Color blindness]]; he also made major contributions to the study of [[Trachoma]] and [[Myopia]].
* [[Ignacio Barraquer]] (1884–1965) (Spain), in 1917, invented the first motorized vacuum instrument (erisophake) for intracapsular [[cataract]] extraction; he founded the Barraquer Clinic in 1941 and the Barraquer Institute in 1947 in Barcelona, Spain.
* [[Ernst Fuchs (doctor)|Ernst Fuchs]] (1851–1930) was an Austrian ophthalmologist known for his discovery and description of numerous ocular diseases and abnormalities including [[Fuchs' dystrophy]] and [[Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Müller |first1=Andreas |title=Professor Ernst Fuchs (1851–1930) |journal=Archives of Ophthalmology |date=1 June 2003 |volume=121 |issue=6 |pages=888–91 |doi=10.1001/archopht.121.6.888|pmid=12796263 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* [[Tsutomu Sato (ophthalmologist)|Tsutomu Sato]] (1902–1960) (Japan) pioneer in incisional refractive surgery, including techniques for astigmatism and the invention of [[radial keratotomy]] for myopia.
* [[Jules Gonin]] (1870–1935) (Switzerland) was the "father of retinal detachment surgery".
* [[Harold Ridley (ophthalmologist)|Sir Harold Ridley]] (1906–2001) (United Kingdom), in 1949, may have been the first to successfully implant an artificial intraocular lens after observing that plastic fragments in the eyes of wartime pilots were well tolerated; he fought for decades against strong reactionary opinions to have the concept accepted as feasible and useful.
* [[Wajid Ali Khan Burki]] (1900–1989) (Pakistan), was the "father of medical services" in Pakistan and  distinguished ophthalmologist widely recognized as an expert in the field of eye care.
* [[Charles Schepens]] (1912–2006) (Belgium) was the "father of modern retinal surgery" and developer of the Schepens indirect binocular ophthalmoscope whilst at Moorfields Eye Hospital; he was the founder of the [[Schepens Eye Research Institute]], associated with [[Harvard Medical School]] and the [[Massachusetts Eye and Ear|Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary]], in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]].
*[[Tom Pashby]] (1915–2005) (Canada) was [[CSA Group|Canadian Standards Association]] and a sport safety advocate to prevent eye injuries and spinal cord injuries, developed safer sports equipment, named to the [[Order of Canada]], inducted into Canada's Sport Hall of Fame.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sportshall.ca/hall-of-famers/hall-of-famers-search.html?proID=35&lang=EN|title=Dr. Tom Pashby|year=2000|website=[[Canada's Sports Hall of Fame]]|access-date=October 26, 2022|archive-date=October 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022185920/http://www.sportshall.ca/hall-of-famers/hall-of-famers-search.html?proID=35&lang=EN|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Marshall M. Parks]] (1918–2005) (United States) was the "father of pediatric ophthalmology".<ref>{{cite web|title=Hall of Fame|publisher=American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus|url=https://aapos.org/meetings/lectures/hall-of-fame|access-date=2021-03-30|archive-date=2021-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421120535/https://aapos.org/meetings/lectures/hall-of-fame|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[José Ignacio Barraquer]] (1916–1998) (Spain) was the "father of modern refractive surgery" and in the 1960s, he developed lamellar techniques, including [[keratomileusis]] and keratophakia, as well as the first [[microkeratome]] and corneal [[microlathe]].
* [[Tadeusz Krwawicz]] (1910–1988) (Poland), in 1961, developed the first cryoprobe for intracapsular cataract extraction.
* [[Svyatoslav Fyodorov]] (1927–2000) (Russia) was the "father of ophthalmic microsurgery" and he improved and popularized [[radial keratotomy]], invented a surgical cure for cataract, and he developed scleroplasty.
* [[Charles Kelman]] (1930–2004) (United States) developed the ultrasound and mechanized irrigation and aspiration system for [[phacoemulsification]], first allowing cataract extraction through a small incision.
* [[Melvin L. Rubin]] (1932–2014) (United States) was a retinal surgeon and educator; he created the Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program (OKAP) that changed ophthalmic education, and was author of leading textbooks ''Optics for Clinicians'' and ''The Fine Art of Prescribing  Glasses'', as well as ''The Dictionary of Eye Terminology'' - currently in its 8th edition. Rubin served as president, and later chairman, of the American Academy of Ophthalmology; and chairman of the American Boards of Ophthalmology.
* [[Helena Ndume]] (born 1960) (Namibia) is a renowned ophthalmologist notable for her charitable work among people with eye-related illnesses.
* [[Rand Paul]] (born 1963) (United States) worked as an ophthalmologist before becoming a US senator.
* [[J. Morgan Micheletti]] (United States) is an ophthalmologist, researcher, inventor, and podcaster known for advancements in ocular health and recipient of the Outstanding Young Texas Ex Award.