Editing Norwich (section)

==Architecture==
{{See also|Grade I listed buildings in Norwich|Grade II* listed buildings in Norwich}}
Norwich's medieval period is represented by the 11th-century [[Norwich Cathedral]], 12th-century [[castle]] (now a museum) and several [[parish church]]es, including the 15th-century [[Saint James the Less, Pockthorpe]], which survived the bombing in [[World War II]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Knott |first1=Simon |title=St James the Less, Norwich |url=http://www.norfolkchurches.co.uk/norwichjamesless/norwichjamesless.htm |website=norfolkchurches.co.u |publisher=Churches of Norfolk |access-date=8 January 2024 |date=2005}}</ref> In the [[Middle Ages]], 57 churches stood within the city wall; 31 still exist and seven are still used for worship.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.norwich-churches.org/map/map.shtm |title=Norwich Churches – Map |work=Norwich Churches |access-date=28 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624152503/http://www.norwich-churches.org/map/map.shtm |archive-date=24 June 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> There was a common regional saying that it had a church for every week of the year and a pub for every day. Norwich is said to have more standing medieval churches than any city north of the [[Alps]].<ref name="bbcreligion"/> The [[Adam and Eve (public house)|''Adam and Eve'']] is believed to be the oldest pub in the city,<ref name=telegraph>{{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/pubs/9139020/Pint-to-pint-Adam-and-Eve-Norwich.html |title=Pint to pint: Adam and Eve, Norwich |newspaper=The Telegraph |location=London |author=Adrian Tierney-Jones |access-date=8 February 2014 |date=12 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323001652/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/pubs/9139020/Pint-to-pint-Adam-and-Eve-Norwich.html |archive-date=23 March 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> with the earliest known reference made in 1249.<ref name=edp>{{Cite web |url=http://www.edp24.co.uk/norfolk-life/norfolk-history/1_adam_and_eve_1_213829 |title=1. Adam and Eve |newspaper=Eastern Daily Press |date=14 April 2010 |access-date=8 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222003821/http://www.edp24.co.uk/norfolk-life/norfolk-history/1_adam_and_eve_1_213829 |archive-date=22 February 2014}}</ref> Most medieval buildings are in the city centre. Notable secular examples are [[Dragon Hall, Norwich|Dragon Hall]], built about 1430, and [[Norwich Guildhall|The Guildhall]], built in 1407–1413 with later additions. [[Gybson's Conduit]] was completed in 1577. From the 18th century, the pre-eminent local name is [[Thomas Ivory]], who built the Assembly Rooms (1776), the Octagon Chapel (1756), St Helen's House (1752) in the grounds of the [[Great Hospital]], and innovative speculative housing in Surrey Street ({{Circa|1761}}). Ivory should not be confused with the Irish architect of the same name and a similar period.

The 19th century saw an explosion in Norwich's size and much of its housing stock, as well as commercial building in the city centre. The local architect of the [[Victorian era|Victorian]] and [[Edwardian era|Edwardian]] periods who continues to command most respect was [[George Skipper]] (1856–1948). Examples of his work include the [[Norwich Union]] headquarters in Surrey Street the [[Modern Style (British Art Nouveau style)]] Royal Arcade, and the Hotel de Paris in the nearby seaside town of [[Cromer]]. The [[neo-Gothic]] Roman Catholic [[St John the Baptist Cathedral, Norwich|St John the Baptist Cathedral]] in [[Earlham Road]] was begun in 1882 by [[George Gilbert Scott Junior]] and his brother, [[John Oldrid Scott]]. George Skipper had great influence on the appearance of the city. [[John Betjeman]] compared it to Gaudi's influence on Barcelona.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.edp24.co.uk/news/new-book-tells-of-architect-george-skipper-who-shaped-cromer-and-was-norwich-s-gaudi-1-4329234 |title=New book tells of architect George Skipper who shaped Cromer – and was 'Norwich's Gaudi' |first=Alex |last=Hurrell |website=Eastern Daily Press |date=30 November 2015 |access-date=1 March 2021 |archive-date=27 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227085004/https://www.edp24.co.uk/news/new-book-tells-of-architect-george-skipper-who-shaped-cromer-and-was-norwich-s-gaudi-1-4329234 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The city continued to grow through the 20th century. Much housing, particularly in areas further from the city centre, dates from that century. The first notable building since Skipper was the [[City Hall, Norwich|City Hall]] by C. H. James and S. R. Pierce, opened in 1938. At the same time they moved the [[Norwich War Memorial|City War Memorial]], designed by [[Sir Edwin Lutyens]], to a memorial garden between the city hall and the market place. Bombing during the Second World War, resulting in relatively little loss of life, caused marked damage to the housing stock in the city centre. Much of the post-war replacement stock was designed by the local-authority architect, [[David Eyre Percival|David Percival]]. However, the major post-war architectural development in Norwich was the opening of the [[University of East Anglia]] in 1964. Originally designed by [[Denys Lasdun]] (his design was never completely executed), it has been added to over subsequent decades by major names such as [[Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank|Norman Foster]] and [[Rick Mather]].
<gallery heights="132" mode="packed">
Norwichcathedral2.jpg|Norwich Cathedral lies close to Tombland in the city centre.
ElmHill.jpg|[[Elm Hill, Norwich|Elm Hill]] is an intact medieval street.
Cowtower.jpg|[[Cow Tower, Norwich|Cow Tower]] stands on the banks of the River Wensum.
Gentlemanswalk.JPG|The varying styles of architecture along Gentleman's Walk
</gallery>

===Parks, gardens and open spaces===
[[File:Riverside Flats Norwich - geograph.org.uk - 73621.jpg|thumb|Riverside flats, Norwich]]
''See also [[List of parks, gardens and open spaces in Norwich]]''

[[Chapelfield Gardens]] in central Norwich became the city's first [[public park]] in November 1880. From the start of the 20th century, Norwich Corporation began buying and leasing land to develop parks when funds became available. [[Sewell Park, Norwich|Sewell Park]] and James Stuart Gardens are examples of land donated by benefactors.

After the [[World War I|First World War]] the Corporation applied government grants to lay out a series of formal parks as a means to alleviate unemployment. Under Parks Superintendent Captain Sandys-Winsch,<ref>[http://www.friendsofeatonpark.co.uk/Sandys-Winsch.html Captain Sandys-Winsch] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326015145/http://www.friendsofeatonpark.co.uk/Sandys-Winsch.html |date=26 March 2012}} Retrieved 24 June 2011.</ref> Heigham Park was completed in 1924, Wensum Park in 1925, [[Eaton Park]] in 1928 and Waterloo Park in 1933. These retain many features from Sandys-Winsch's plans and have joined the [[English Heritage Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest]].<ref>[http://www.norwich.gov.uk/webapps/atoz/service_page.asp?id=1204 Historic parks of Norwich] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071004231854/http://www.norwich.gov.uk/webapps/atoz/service_page.asp?id=1204 |date=4 October 2007}} Retrieved 24 June 2011.</ref>

As of 2015, the city has 23 parks, 95 open spaces and 59 natural areas managed by the local authority.<ref>[http://www.norwich.gov.uk/webapps/atoz/service_page.asp?id=1233 Norwich parks] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090404131852/http://www.norwich.gov.uk/webapps/atoz/service_page.asp?id=1233 |date=4 April 2009}} Retrieved 1 July 2011.</ref> In addition there are several private gardens occasionally opened to the public in aid of charity.<ref>[http://www.ngs.org.uk/news-features/local-news/norwich-a-ngs-garden-trail.aspx National Garden Scheme] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927042346/http://www.ngs.org.uk/news-features/local-news/norwich-a-ngs-garden-trail.aspx |date=27 September 2011}} Retrieved 1 July 2011.</ref> The [[Plantation Garden, Norwich|Plantation Garden]], also private, opens daily.<ref>[http://www.plantationgarden.co.uk/ Plantation Garden] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724004541/http://www.plantationgarden.co.uk/ |date=24 July 2011}} Retrieved 1 July 2011.</ref>