Editing Nintendo (section)

=== Subsidiaries ===
Although most of the [[research and development]] (R&D) is being done in Japan, there are some R&D facilities in the United States, Europe, and China that are focused on developing software and hardware technologies used in Nintendo products. Although they all are subsidiaries of Nintendo (and therefore first-party), they are often referred to as external resources when being involved in joint development processes with Nintendo's internal developers by the Japanese personnel involved. This can be seen in the ''[[List of Iwata Asks interviews|Iwata Asks]]'' interview series.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wii U: Internet Browser|url=http://iwataasks.nintendo.com/interviews/#/wiiu/internet-browser/0/2|access-date=27 May 2014|archive-date=13 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513072726/http://iwataasks.nintendo.com/interviews/#/wiiu/internet-browser/0/2|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Nintendo Software Technology]] (NST) and Nintendo Technology Development (NTD) are located in [[Redmond, Washington]], United States, while [[Nintendo European Research & Development]] (NERD) is located in Paris, France, and Nintendo Network Service Database (NSD) is located in [[Kyoto]], Japan.

Most external [[First-party developer|first-party]] software development is done in Japan, because the only overseas subsidiaries are [[Retro Studios]] and Shiver Entertainment in the United States (acquired in 2002<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamespot.com/news/2863826.html |title=Nintendo makes Retro Studios a full subsidiary |first=Shane |last=Satterfield |date=2 May 2002 |website=[[GameSpot]] |access-date=2 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125205602/http://www.gamespot.com/news/2863826.html |archive-date=25 January 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> and 2024,<ref>{{cite tweet |url=https://x.com/NintendoCoLtd/status/1792694456829034688 |title=[任天堂HP]「Shiver Entertainment, Inc.の子会社化に関するお知らせ」を掲載しました。|language=ja |user=NintendoCoLtd |author=Nintendo |number=1792694456829034688 |date=20 May 2024 |access-date=13 August 2024}}</ref> respectively) and [[Next Level Games]] in Canada (acquired in 2021).<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.gamedeveloper.com/business/nintendo-acquires-i-luigi-s-mansion-3-i-developer-next-level-games | title = Nintendo acquires Luigi's Mansion 3 developer Next Level Games | first = Chris | last = Kerr | date = 5 January 2021 | access-date = 5 January 2021 | archive-date = 5 January 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210105142135/http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/375856/Nintendo_acquires_Luigis_Mansion_3_developer_Next_Level_Games.php | url-status = live }}</ref> Although these studios are all subsidiaries of Nintendo, they are often referred to as external resources when being involved in joint development processes with Nintendo's internal developers by the [[Nintendo Entertainment Planning & Development]] (EPD) division. [[1-Up Studio]] and [[NDcube|Nintendo Cube]] are located in Tokyo, Japan, and [[Monolith Soft]] has one studio located in Tokyo and another in [[Kyoto]].

Nintendo established [[The Pokémon Company]] alongside [[Creatures (company)|Creatures]] and [[Game Freak]] to manage the [[Pokémon]] brand. Similarly, Warpstar, Inc. was formed through a joint investment with [[HAL Laboratory]], which was in charge of the ''[[Kirby: Right Back at Ya!]]'' animated series as well as the web series ''It's Kirby Time''. Both companies are investments from Nintendo, with Nintendo holding 32% of the shares of The Pokémon Company and 50% of the shares of Warpstar, Inc.

<!--28 and 21; as SRD and Nintendo Pictures were acquired after the report.-->Other notable subsidiaries include:
* [[iQue]] (China) Ltd.
* [[Systems Research & Development|SRD Co., Ltd.]]
* [[Nintendo Pictures]]
* Nintendo Systems