Editing Newfoundland and Labrador (section)

== Demographics ==
{{Main|Demographics of Newfoundland and Labrador}}
[[File:Canada Newfoundland and Labrador Density 2016.png|thumb|right|Population density of Newfoundland and Labrador]]
{{See also|List of communities in Newfoundland and Labrador|List of Newfoundland and Labrador communities by population}}

=== Population ===
{{Historical populations
|title = Historical populations
|type = Canada
|align = right
|width =
|state =
|shading =
|percentages =
|footnote = Source:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collections.mun.ca/cdm/ref/collection/cns_tools/id/52178|title=Census of Newfoundland and Labrador, 1935, vol. 1 : population by districts and settlements :: NL Books – Reference Sources, Directories, Etc.|website=collections.mun.ca|access-date=April 1, 2020|archive-date=August 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805051811/http://collections.mun.ca/cdm/ref/collection/cns_tools/id/52178|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo62b.htm|title=Population urban and rural, by province and territory – Newfoundland and Labrador|date=May 1, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080321032756/http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo62b.htm|archive-date=March 21, 2008|access-date=March 30, 2020}}</ref> and [[Statistics Canada]]
{{cite web |url=https://www.stats.gov.nl.ca/Publications/Historical/PDF/Historical_Statistics_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador_V2_N7_1994.pdf |title=Historical Statistics of Newfoundland and Labrador |publisher=Government of Newfoundland and Labrador |date=November 1994 |access-date=January 9, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223004526/https://www.stats.gov.nl.ca/Publications/Historical/PDF/Historical_Statistics_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador_V2_N7_1994.pdf |archive-date=Feb 23, 2022 }}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.nl.ca/fin/economics/eb-population/ |title=Population stood at 521,758 as of October, 2021 – Finance |publisher=Gov.nl.ca |access-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-date=February 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209133916/https://www.gov.nl.ca/fin/economics/eb-population/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|1825 |55719
|1836 |75094
|1845 |96295
|1851 |101600
|1857 |124288
|1869 |146536
|1874 |161374
|1884 |197335
|1891 |202040
|1901 |220984
|1911 |242619
|[[1921 census of Newfoundland|1921]] |263033
|1935 |289588
|[[1945 census of Newfoundland|1945]] |321819
|[[1951 Canadian census|1951]] |361416
|[[1956 Canadian census|1956]] |415074
|[[1961 Canadian census|1961]] |457853
|[[1966 Canadian census|1966]] |493396
|[[1971 Canadian census|1971]] |522100
|[[1976 Canadian census|1976]] |557720
|[[1981 Canadian census|1981]] |567681
|[[1986 Canadian census|1986]] |568350
|[[1991 Canadian census|1991]] |568475
|[[1996 Canadian census|1996]] |551790
|[[2001 Canadian census|2001]] |512930
|[[2006 Canadian census|2006]] |505469
|[[2011 Canadian census|2011]] |514536
|[[2016 Canadian census|2016]] |519716
|[[2021 Canadian census|2021]] |510550
|2023 (Est.) |540418
}}

As of October 1, 2021, Newfoundland and Labrador had a population of 521,758.<ref>{{cite web|title=Population stood at 521,758 as of October, 2021|url=https://www.gov.nl.ca/fin/economics/eb-population/|access-date=February 9, 2022|website=Finance|language=en-CA|archive-date=February 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209133916/https://www.gov.nl.ca/fin/economics/eb-population/|url-status=live}}</ref> More than half the population lives on the [[Avalon Peninsula]] of Newfoundland, site of the capital and historical early settlement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/91-214-x/91-214-x2008000-eng.pdf|title=Annual Demographic Estimates:Subprovincial Areas|publisher=Statistics Canada|access-date=January 10, 2011|archive-date=July 14, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714035629/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/91-214-x/91-214-x2008000-eng.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Since 2006, the population of the province has started to increase for the first time since the early 1990s. In the 2006 census, the population of the province decreased by 1.5% compared to 2001 and stood at 505,469.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/popdwell/Table.cfm?T=101|title=Population and dwelling counts (2006 Census)|publisher=Statistics Canada|access-date=January 10, 2011|archive-date=February 13, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080213160312/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/popdwell/Table.cfm?T=101|url-status=dead}}</ref> But, by the 2011 census, the population had risen by 1.8%.<ref name=2011census>{{cite web | url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=101&S=50&O=A | title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, 2011 and 2006 censuses | publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] | date=January 30, 2013 | access-date=November 3, 2013 | archive-date=March 24, 2020 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20200324223623/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=101&S=50&O=A |url-status=live}}</ref>

At the beginning of 2021, Newfoundland and Labrador started accepting applications for a Priority Skills immigration program.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 30, 2020|title=Newfoundland and Labrador to open new immigration program for skilled workers {{!}} Canada Immigration News|url=https://www.cicnews.com/2020/12/newfoundland-and-labrador-to-open-new-immigration-program-for-skilled-workers-1216648.html|access-date=June 11, 2021|website=cicnews.com|language=en-US|archive-date=July 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729054102/https://www.cicnews.com/2020/12/newfoundland-and-labrador-to-open-new-immigration-program-for-skilled-workers-1216648.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Focusing on highly educated, highly skilled newcomers with specialized experience in areas where demand has outpaced local training and recruitment, such as technology and ocean sciences occupations, the government hopes the program will attract 2,500 new permanent residents annually.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 31, 2020|title=Newfoundland and Labrador eyeing up to 350 Invitations to Apply annually under Priority Skills NL|url=https://www.immigration.ca/newfoundland-and-labrador-eyeing-up-to-350-invitations-to-apply-annually-under-priority-skills-nl|access-date=June 11, 2021|website=Canada Immigration and Visa Information. Canadian Immigration Services and Free Online Evaluation.|language=en-US|archive-date=June 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611115837/https://www.immigration.ca/newfoundland-and-labrador-eyeing-up-to-350-invitations-to-apply-annually-under-priority-skills-nl|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Municipality
! 2006
! 2011
! 2016
! 2021
|-
|[[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's]]
|100,646
|106,172
|108,860
|110,525
|-
|[[Conception Bay South]]
|21,966
|24,848
|26,199
|27,168
|-
|[[Paradise, Newfoundland and Labrador|Paradise]]
|12,584
|17,695
|21,389
|22,957
|-
|[[Mount Pearl]]
|24,671
|24,284
|22,957
|22,477
|-
|[[Corner Brook]]
|20,083
|19,886
|19,806
|19,333
|-
|[[Grand Falls-Windsor]]
|13,558
|13,725
|14,171
|13,853
|-
|[[Gander, Newfoundland and Labrador|Gander]]
|9,951
|11,054
|11,688
|11,880
|-
|[[Portugal Cove-St. Philip's]]
|6,575
|7,366
|8,147
|8,415
|-
|[[Happy Valley-Goose Bay]]
|7,519
|7,572
|8,109
|8,040
|-
|[[Torbay, Newfoundland and Labrador|Torbay]]
|6,281
|7,397
|7,899
|7,852
|-
| Colspan="4"| ''Table source: [https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E Statistics Canada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209134619/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E |date=February 9, 2022 }}''
|}

=== Ethnicity ===
{{update section|2023|date=March 2023}}
{{Main|Demographics of Newfoundland and Labrador#Ethnicity}}
According to the [[2001 Canadian census]], the largest ethnic group in Newfoundland and Labrador is English (39.4%), followed by Irish (19.7%), Scots (6.0%), [[Franco-Newfoundlander|French]] (5.5%) and [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] (3.2%).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo26b.htm |title=Population by selected ethnic origins, by province and territory (2006 Census) |publisher=0.statcan.ca |date=July 28, 2009 |access-date=July 26, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621074723/http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo26b.htm |archive-date=June 21, 2008 }}</ref> While half of all respondents also identified their ethnicity as "[[Canadian ethnicity|Canadian]]", 38 per cent report their ethnicity as "Newfoundlander" in a 2003 [[Statistics Canada]] Ethnic Diversity Survey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/030929/d030929a.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080317012903/https://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/030929/d030929a.htm|url-status=dead|title=The Daily, Monday, September 29, 2003. Ethnic Diversity Survey|archive-date=March 17, 2008}}</ref>

During the initial registration phase for the [[Qalipu Miꞌkmaq First Nation Band]] in 2013, more than 100,000 Newfoundlanders applied for membership (equivalent to one-fifth of the total population).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/ottawa-moves-to-tighten-aboriginal-membership-criteria/article17954032/|title=Surge in Newfoundland native band has Ottawa stunned, skeptical|via=The Globe and Mail|access-date=February 26, 2018|archive-date=January 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116213118/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/ottawa-moves-to-tighten-aboriginal-membership-criteria/article17954032/|url-status=live}}</ref> The subsequent process led to around 24,000 people being recognized as members of the Qalipu First Nation.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/qalipu-10-years-1.6186538 |title=Qalipu First Nation marks a milestone, celebrating 10 years as recognized Indigenous band |date=23 September 2021 |publisher=CBC |first=Colleen |last=Connors |accessdate=29 December 2023 |archive-date=January 19, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119164633/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/qalipu-10-years-1.6186538 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Language ===
{{Main|Demographics of Newfoundland and Labrador#Languages}}
{{Further|Newfoundland English|Newfoundland Irish|Beothuk language}}
As of the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 Canadian Census]], the ten most spoken languages in the province included English (501,135 or 99.81%), French (26,130 or 5.2%), Arabic (2,195 or 0.44%), Spanish (2,085 or 0.42%), Innu (Montagnais) (1,925 or 0.38%), Tagalog (1,810 or 0.36%), Hindi (1,565 or 0.31%), Mandarin (1,170 or 0.23%), German (1,075 or 0.21%), and Punjabi (1,040 or 0.21%).<ref name="language2021">{{Cite web |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=2022-08-17 |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Newfoundland and Labrador [Province] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A000210&HEADERlist=,15,13,18,12,16,14,17&SearchText=Newfoundland%20and%20Labrador |access-date=August 17, 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818010822/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A000210&HEADERlist=,15,13,18,12,16,14,17&SearchText=Newfoundland%20and%20Labrador |url-status=live }}</ref> The question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses.

[[Newfoundland English]] is a term referring to any of several [[Accent (dialect)|accent]]s and [[dialect]]s of the [[English language]] found in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Most of these differ substantially from the English commonly spoken elsewhere in neighbouring [[Canada]] and the [[North Atlantic]]. Many Newfoundland dialects are similar to the [[West Country dialects|dialects]] of the [[West Country]] in England, particularly the city of [[Bristol]] and counties of [[Cornwall]], [[Devon]], [[Dorset]], [[Hampshire]] and [[Somerset]], while other Newfoundland dialects resemble those of Ireland's southeastern counties, particularly [[County Waterford|Waterford]], [[County Wexford|Wexford]], [[County Kilkenny|Kilkenny]] and [[County Cork|Cork]]. Still others blend elements of both, and there is also a discernible influence of [[Scottish English]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heritage.nf.ca/society/scottish.html|title=Scottish in NL|website=heritage.nf.ca|access-date=November 26, 2015|archive-date=October 13, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013145759/http://www.heritage.nf.ca/society/scottish.html|url-status=live}}</ref> While the Scots came in smaller numbers than the English and Irish, they had a large influence on Newfoundland society.<ref name="renamed_from_2006_on_20151223002828"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heritage.nf.ca/society/west_country.html|title=West Country|website=heritage.nf.ca|access-date=November 26, 2015|archive-date=April 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423033448/http://www.heritage.nf.ca/society/west_country.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="A Short History">Newfoundland Historical Society, ''A Short History of Newfoundland and Labrador'', St. John's, NL, Boulder Publications, 2008.</ref>

Local place names in the [[Irish language]] include Newfoundland (''Talamh an Éisc'', ''Land of the Fish'')<ref>{{cite book |editor-first1=Natasha |editor-last1=Sumner |editor-first2=Aidan |editor-last2=Doyle |date=2020 |title=North American Gaels: Speech, Song, and Story in the Diaspora |publisher=[[McGill-Queen's University Press]] |p=80}}</ref> and [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's]] (''Baile Sheáin'')<ref>{{cite book |editor-first1=Natasha |editor-last1=Sumner |editor-first2=Aidan |editor-last2=Doyle |date=2020 |title=North American Gaels: Speech, Song, and Story in the Diaspora |publisher=[[McGill-Queen's University Press]] |p=76}}</ref> [[Ballyhack, Newfoundland and Labrador|Ballyhack]] (''Baile Hac''), [[Cappahayden]] (''Ceapach Éidín''), [[Kilbride, Newfoundland and Labrador|Kilbride]] and St. Bride's (''Cill Bhríde''), Duntara, [[Port Kirwan]] and [[Skibbereen]] (''Scibirín''). While the distinct local dialect of the [[Irish language in Newfoundland]] is now extinct, the language is still taught locally and the [[Gaelic revival]] organization {{lang|ga|[[Conradh na Gaeilge]]}} remains active in the province.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/abroad/generation-emigration/teaching-irish-in-newfoundland-the-most-irish-place-outside-ireland-1.2575366 |title=Teaching Irish in Newfoundland, the most Irish place outside Ireland |work=The Irish Times |first=Sinéad |last=Ní Mheallaigh |date=March 16, 2016 |access-date=October 3, 2024}}</ref> A distinct local dialect of [[Scots Gaelic]] was also once spoken in the [[Codroy Valley]] of Newfoundland, following the settlement there, from the middle of the 19th century, of [[Canadian Gaelic]]-speakers from [[Cape Breton, Nova Scotia]]. Some 150 years later, the language has not entirely disappeared, although it no longer has any fluent speakers. In Canadian Gaelic, the two main names for Newfoundland are ''Talamh an Èisg'' and ''Eilein a' Trosg''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/society/language.php|title=Language|website=heritage.nf.ca|access-date=December 9, 2015|archive-date=January 14, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114151132/http://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/society/language.php|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis|url=http://research.library.mun.ca/1319/|title=Some aspects of the Scottish Gaelic traditions of the Codroy Valley, Newfoundland|year=1975|publisher=Memorial University of Newfoundland|type=masters|last1=Bennett|first1=Margaret|access-date=January 5, 2023|archive-date=January 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105035321/https://research.library.mun.ca/1319/|url-status=live}}</ref>

A community of [[Newfoundland French]] speakers still exists on the [[Port au Port Peninsula]]—a remnant of the "[[French Shore]]" along the island's west coast.<ref name="Heritage Newfoundland and Labrador">Heritage Newfoundland and Labrador</ref>

Several indigenous languages are spoken in the Province, representing the [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]] ([[Miꞌkmaq language|Miꞌkmaq]] and [[Innu]]) and [[Eskimo-Aleut]] ([[Inuktitut]]) linguistic families.<ref name="Heritage Newfoundland and Labrador"/>

Languages of the population – mother tongue (2011)
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: centre;"
|- style="background:#ccc;"
!Rank
!Language
!Respondents
!Percentage
|-
|1.
|English
|498,095
|97.7
|-
|2.
|French
|2,745
|0.5
|-
|3.
|[[Innu-aimun]]
|1,585
|0.3
|-
|4.
|Chinese
|1,080
|0.2
|-
|5.
|Spanish
|670
|0.16
|-
|6.
|German
|655
|0.15
|-
|7.
|[[Inuktitut]]
|595
|0.1
|-
|8.
|[[Urdu]]
|550
|0.1
|-
|9.
|[[Arabic language|Arabic]]
|540
|0.1
|-
|10.
|[[Dutch language|Dutch]]
|300
|< 0.1
|-
|11.
|Russian
|225
|< 0.1
|-
|12.
|Italian
|195
|< 0.1
|}

=== Religion ===
{{Main|Demographics of Newfoundland and Labrador#Religion}}
According to the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 census]], religious groups in Newfoundland and Labrador included:<ref name="2021censusB">{{Cite web |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=2022-10-26 |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Newfoundland%20and%20Labrador&DGUIDlist=2021A000210&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=November 11, 2022 |archive-date=November 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124111424/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Newfoundland%20and%20Labrador&DGUIDlist=2021A000210&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Christianity in Canada|Christianity]] (413,915 persons or 82.4%)
*[[Irreligion in Canada|Irreligion]] (80,330 persons or 16.0%)
*[[Islam in Canada|Islam]] (3,995 persons or 0.8%)
*[[Hinduism in Canada|Hinduism]] (1,200 persons or 0.2%)
*[[Sikhism in Canada|Sikhism]] (855 persons or 0.2%)
*[[Buddhism in Canada|Buddhism]] (490 persons or 0.1%)
*[[Judaism in Canada|Judaism]] (240 persons or <0.1%)
*[[Mythologies of the indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indigenous Spirituality]] (105 persons or <0.1%)
*Other (965 persons or 0.2%)

The largest single religious denomination by number of adherents according to the [[Canada 2011 Census|2011 National Household Survey]] was the [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]], at 35.8% of the province's population (181,590 members). The major Protestant denominations made up 57.3% of the population, with the largest groups being the [[Anglican Church of Canada]] at 25.1% of the total population (127,255 members), the [[United Church of Canada]] at 15.5% (78,380 members), and the [[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal]] churches at 6.5% (33,195 members), with other Protestant denominations in much smaller numbers. Non-Christians constituted only 6.8% of the population, with the majority of those respondents indicating "no religious affiliation" (6.2% of the population).<ref name="NHS Profile, Newfoundland and Labrador, 2011">{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=10&Data=Count&SearchText=Newfoundland%20and%20Labrador&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=10|title=NHS Profile, Newfoundland and Labrador, 2011|publisher=Statistics Canada|access-date=November 12, 2014|archive-date=December 4, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204235149/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=10&Data=Count&SearchText=Newfoundland%20and%20Labrador&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=10|url-status=live}}</ref>