Editing New Urbanism (section)

====Australia====
Most new developments on the edges of Australia's major cities are master planned, often guided expressly by the principles of New Urbanism. The relationship between housing, activity centres, the transport network and key social infrastructure (sporting facilities, libraries, community centres etc.) is defined at structure planning stage.<ref name="tandfonline.com"/>
*Jindee, [[Western Australia]], a new coastal development north of [[Perth]] which has been designed using Smart Code.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jindee |url=https://studiolfa.com/project/jindee |website=Studio LFA |access-date=13 January 2022}}</ref> 
*Tullimbar Village, [[New South Wales]], is a new development which follows the principles of New Urbanism.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Tullimbar Village :: Wollongong NSW :: Contemporary Lifestyle Community|url = http://www.tullimbarvillage.com.au|website = www.tullimbarvillage.com.au|access-date = 2015-05-29|first = Screen|last = Art|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150501031048/http://www.tullimbarvillage.com.au/|archive-date = 2015-05-01|url-status = dead}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=December 2017}}{{primary source inline|date=December 2017}}

Another important factor or principle of New Urbanism that guides Australia's major cities is how good their foot circulation seems to be which is guided by the wayfinding systems that are implemented. Kenneth B. Hall Jr. and Gerald A. Porterfield said in their book, "Community by Design," the way to gain good circulation is to take some thoughtful consideration to things like wayfinding, sight lines, transition, visual clues, and reference points.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Community by Design|last=Hall|first=Kenneth B.|publisher=The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc|others=Gerald A. Porterfield|year=2001|pages=97|isbn=007141794X}}</ref> Circulation design should work to create an interesting and informative system that utilizes subtle elements as well as technical ones.<ref name=":0" /> City of Port Philip, Australia, is a good example of wayfinding where they have come up with a comprehensive pedestrian signage system, specifically for their local areas of St Kilda, South Melbourne and Port Melbourne.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.victoriawalks.org.au/wayfinding/|title=Case study - Wayfinding signage|website=www.victoriawalks.org.au|access-date=2018-04-28}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.studiobinocular.com/2013/02/city-of-port-phillip-wayfinding/|title=City of Port Phillip: Wayfinding - Studio Binocular|date=2013-02-09|work=Studio Binocular|access-date=2018-04-28|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412032747/https://www.studiobinocular.com/2013/02/city-of-port-phillip-wayfinding/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The city's wayfinding system consists of 26 individually designed panels that are placed on some major streets such as St Kilda and St Kilda East, linking St Kilda Junction and Balaclava Station to the foreshore via Fitzroy, Carlisle and Acland Streets.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> City of Port Philip also created directional signage systems that makes use of the already existing street furniture such as trash cans to help provide for 130 directional indicators across Port Melbourne.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

===== 20-minute neighbourhoods =====
[[Melbourne]] followed up a 2014 plan<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last1=Stanley|first1=John|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274064812|title=Moving People: Connecting Neighbourhoods: The 20 minute city, Bus Industry Confederation Inc.|last2=Stanley|first2=Janet|last3=Davis|first3=Stephen|date=2015-03-23}}</ref> by launching 20-minute neighbourhoods in January 2018, aiming to provide for most daily needs within a 20-minute walk from home, together with safe cycling and public transport options.<ref>{{Cite web|title=20 minute neighbourhoods|url=https://www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/current-projects/20-minute-neighbourhoods|last=Department of Environment|first=Land|website=www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au|language=en-AU|access-date=2020-05-01}}</ref> Another definition has used the time taken to cycle, or take a bus.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Stanley|first=John|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274075380|title=Connecting neighbourhoods: The 20 minute city. Bus and Coach Industry Policy paper 4|date=2015-03-25}}</ref> In Melbourne the concept was initiated in the suburbs of [[Croydon South, Victoria|Croydon South]], [[Strathmore, Victoria|Strathmore]], and [[Sunshine West, Victoria|Sunshine West]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=20-Minute Neighbourhoods|url=https://www.planning.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0031/428908/Creating-a-more-liveable-Melbourne.pdf|date=2019|website=Victoria State Government|access-date=2020-05-01|archive-date=2023-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412032835/https://www.planning.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0031/428908/Creating-a-more-liveable-Melbourne.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The concept has since expanded to other cities, such as [[Singapore]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=People love the idea of 20-minute neighbourhoods. So why isn't it top of the agenda?|url=http://theconversation.com/people-love-the-idea-of-20-minute-neighbourhoods-so-why-isnt-it-top-of-the-agenda-131193|last1=Stanley|first1=John|last2=Hansen|first2=Roz|website=The Conversation|date=19 February 2020 |language=en|access-date=2020-05-01}}</ref> and [[Hamilton, New Zealand|Hamilton]] in [[New Zealand]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hamilton Mode Shift Programme - 20 Minute City|url=https://www.hamilton.govt.nz/our-city/covid-19/recovery-package/Documents/1.%20Hamilton%20Mode%20Shift%20Programme%20-%2020%20Minute%20City%20.pdf|date=March 2020|website=Hamilton City Council|access-date=2020-05-01|archive-date=2021-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203231418/https://www.hamilton.govt.nz/our-city/covid-19/recovery-package/Documents/1.%20Hamilton%20Mode%20Shift%20Programme%20-%2020%20Minute%20City%20.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Critics have pointed out that Melbourne's plan excludes jobs and that a previous target for public transport use has been shelved.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Is the "20-minute city" mostly spin? – The Urbanist|url=https://blogs.crikey.com.au/theurbanist/2017/08/09/20-minute-city-mostly-spin/|website=blogs.crikey.com.au|access-date=2020-05-01|archive-date=2021-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517124111/https://blogs.crikey.com.au/theurbanist/2017/08/09/20-minute-city-mostly-spin/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The concept has been equated with [[Localism Act 2011|localism]].<ref name=":3" />

[[Dubai]] launched the 20-minute city project in 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reynolds |first=Rory |date=2022-12-12 |title=Dubai 2040 Urban Plan: Ruler sets out ambitions to create '20-minute city' |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/government/2022/12/12/dubai-urban-plan-sheikh-mohammed-property/ |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref> where residents are able to access daily needs & destinations within 20 minutes by foot or bicycle. The plan involves placing 55% of the residents within 800 meters of mass transit stations, allowing them to reach 80% of their daily needs and destinations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dubai 2040 {{!}} The Dubai 2040 Urban Master Plan recognizes the significance of time in people's lives and acknowledges that effectively managing and utilizing time for commuting and meeting basic needs. |url=http://dubai2040.ae/en/projects-and-initiatives/the-20-minutes-city/ |access-date=2023-12-01 |language=en-US}}</ref>