Editing New France (section)

===Iroquois attacks against Montreal===
[[File:Battle of Long Sault 1660.jpg|thumb|Engraving depicting Adam Dollard with a keg of gunpowder above his head, during the [[Battle of Long Sault]] ]]

[[Ville-Marie, Quebec|Ville-Marie]] was a noteworthy site for it was the center of defence against the [[Iroquois]], the point of departure for all western and northern journeys, and the meeting point to which the trading Indians brought their annual furs. This placed Ville-Marie, later known as [[Montreal]], at the forefront against the [[Iroquois]], which resulted in its trade being easily and frequently interrupted. The Iroquois were in alliance with the Dutch and English,<ref name="Inc.2010">{{cite book |title=Native Peoples of the Americas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1dqbAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA99 |year=2010 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |isbn=978-1-61535-365-1 |page=99}}</ref> which allowed them to interrupt the French fur trade and send the furs down the [[Hudson River]] to the Dutch and English traders.<ref name="Rich, E. E. 1966">{{cite book |last=Rich |first=E. E. |date=1966 |title=Montreal And The Fur Trade |url=https://archive.org/details/montrealfurtrade0000unse |url-access=registration |location=Montreal |publisher=McGill University Press}}</ref>

This also put the Iroquois at warfare against the [[Hurons]], the [[Algonquians]], and any other tribes that were in alliance with the French. If the Iroquois could destroy New France and its Indian allies, they would be able to trade freely and profitably with the Dutch and English on the Hudson River.<ref name="AyersGould">{{cite book |first1=Edward L. |last1=Ayers |first2=Lewis L. |last2=Gould |first3=David M. |last3=Oshinsky |first4=Jean R. |last4=Soderlund |title=American Passages |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KVcIAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA78 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-1-111-80846-4 |page=78}}</ref> The Iroquois formally attacked the settlement at today's [[History of Quebec City|Quebec City]] in its foundation year of 1642, and in almost every subsequent year thereafter.<ref name="Otterbein2004">{{cite book |first=Keith F. |last=Otterbein |title=How War Began |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hxjbvn6uARcC&pg=PA211 |year=2004 |publisher=Texas A&M University Press |isbn=978-1-60344-637-2 |page=211}}</ref> A militant theocracy maintained Montreal. In 1653 and 1654, reinforcements arrived at Montreal, which allowed the Iroquois to be halted.<ref name="Adams2013">{{cite book |first=Charles E. |last=Adams |title=Assault on a Culture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fesAhWZo0fUC&pg=PA52 |date=2013 |publisher=Xlibris Corporation |isbn=978-1-4836-1293-5 |page=52}}{{self-published source|date=December 2017}}</ref>{{Self-published inline|certain=yes|date=December 2017}} In that year the Iroquois made peace with the French.<ref name="Rich, E. E. 1966"/>

[[Adam Dollard des Ormeaux]], a colonist and soldier of New France, was a notable figure regarding the Iroquois attacks against Montreal. The Iroquois soon resumed their assaults against Montreal, and the few settlers of Montreal fell almost completely to hostile Iroquois forces. The [[Iroquois]] did not use typical raiding tactics of moving swiftly and silently. Instead, they captured individuals and brought them back to their own territory. Women and children were made a part of the village, and men encountered slow torturous deaths. In the 1660s, warfare changed, and France began to counterattack. Professional French soldiers had arrived in the New World for the first time, and [[Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy|Alexandre de Prouville]] led them to invade Iroquois territory.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Our Proud History {{!}} Algonquins of Ontario |url=https://www.tanakiwin.com/algonquins-of-ontario/our-proud-history/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=www.tanakiwin.com}}</ref> In the spring of 1660, Adam Dollard des Ormeaux led a small militia consisting of 16 men from Montreal against a much larger Iroquois force at the [[Battle of Long Sault]] on the [[Ottawa River]].<ref name="Gough2010n">{{cite book |first=Barry M. |last=Gough |title=Historical Dictionary of Canada |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z4xK6CasigkC&pg=PR27 |year=2010 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7504-3 |page=27}}</ref> They succeeded in turning back the Iroquois invasion and are responsible for saving Montreal from destruction.<ref name="Del?geBrierley2011">{{cite book |first=Denys |last=Delâge |others=translated by [[Jane Brierley]] |title=Bitter Feast: Amerindians and Europeans in Northeastern North America, 1600–64 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2v8DLEbNkPIC&pg=PA277 |year=1995 |publisher=UBC Press |isbn=978-0-7748-4282-2 |page=277}}</ref> They were able to take [[Chief Canaqueese]] as a prisoner, and in September 1660, the French returned and burned [[Iroquois]] homes and crops. Later that Winter, many Iroquois died due to starvation, and the Iroquois finally agreed to peace which lasted roughly twenty years.<ref name=":2" /> The encounter between Ormeaux and the Iroquois is of significance because it dissuaded the Iroquois from further attacks against Montreal.<ref>{{cite book |last=Wilson |first=Keith |year=1980 |title=Fur Trade In Canada: Focus On Canadian History Series |url=https://archive.org/details/furtradeincanada0000wils |url-access=registration |location=Toronto |publisher=Grolier Limited}}</ref>