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== References == === Citations === {{Reflist}} === Sources === {{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Acevado |first1=Gabriel A. |last2=Ordner |first2=James |last3=Thompson |first3=Miriam |year=2010 |title=Narrative Inversion as a Tactical Framing Device: The Ideological Origins of the Nation of Islam |journal=Narrative Inquiry |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=124β152 |doi=10.1075/ni.20.1.07ace}} * {{Cite journal |last=Akom |first=A. A. |year=2003 |title=Reexamining Resistance as Oppositional Behavior: The Nation of Islam and the Creation of a Black Achievement Ideology |journal=Sociology of Education |volume=76 |issue=4 |pages=305β325 |doi=10.2307/1519868 |jstor=1519868}} * {{Cite journal |last=Akom |first=A. A. |year=2007 |title=Cities as Battlefields: Understanding how the Nation of Islam impacts Civic Engagement, Environmental Racism, and Community Development in a Low Income Neighborhood |journal=International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=711β730 |doi=10.1080/09518390701630858 |s2cid=145201636}} * {{cite journal |first=Ernest Jr.|last=Allen |year=1996 |title=Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam |journal=The Black Scholar |volume=26 |issue=3β4 |pages=2β34 |doi=10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810}} * {{Cite journal |last=Austin |first=Algernon |year=2003 |title=Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930β1975 |journal=Ethnic and Racial Studies |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=52β69 |doi=10.1080/01419870022000025270 |s2cid=143645380}} * {{Cite journal |last=Barnett |first=Michael |year=2006 |title=Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam |journal=Journal of Black Studies |volume=36 |pages=873β893 |doi=10.1177/0021934705279611 |jstor=40034350 |number=6 |s2cid=145012190}} * {{Cite book |last=Barrett |first=David V. |title=The New Believers: A Survey of Sects, Cults and Alternative Religions |publisher=Cassell and Co |year=2001 |isbn=978-0304355921 |location=London}} * {{Cite journal |last=Berg |first=Herbert |year=2005 |title=Mythmaking in the African American Muslim Context: The Moorish Science Temple, the Nation of Islam, and the American Society of Muslims |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Religion |volume=73 |issue=3 |pages=685β703 |doi=10.1093/jaarel/lfi075}} * {{Cite journal |last=Boaz |first=Danielle N. |year=2018 |title=The Voodoo Cult of Detroit: Race, Human Sacrifice, and the Nation of Islam from the 1930s to the 1970s |journal=Journal of Interreligious Studies |volume=23 |pages=17β30}} * {{Cite journal |last=Colley |first=Zoe |year=2014 |title="All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955β1965 |journal=Journal of American Studies |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=393β415 |doi=10.1017/S0021875813001308 |s2cid=144329284}} * {{Cite journal |author-last=Curtis IV |author-first=Edward E. |year=2016 |title=Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection |url=https://online.ucpress.edu/nr/article-pdf/20/1/5/212858/novo_2016_20_1_5.pdf |journal=[[Nova Religio|Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=5β31 |doi=10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5 |hdl=1805/14819 }} * {{Cite journal |last=Curtis IV |first=Edward E. |year=2002 |title=Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam |journal=Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation |volume=12 |pages=167β196 |doi=10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167 |jstor=10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167 |number=2 |s2cid=145361488}} * {{cite book |last=Finley |first=Stephen C. |year=2022 |title=In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam |location=Durham and London |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-1478016137}} * {{cite journal |last1=Fishman |first1=Jason Eric |last2=Soage |first2=Ana BelΓ©n |title=The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United |journal=Religion Compass |volume=7 |issue=2 |year=2013 |pages=59β68 |doi=10.1111/rec3.12032}} * {{Cite book |last=Gabriel |first=Theodore |title=UFO Religions |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2003 |isbn=978-0415263245 |editor-last=Partridge |editor-first=Christopher |location=London and New York |pages=149β161 |chapter=The United Nuwaubian Nation of Moors}} * {{Cite book |last=Gardell |first=Mattias |title=In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam |publisher=Duke University Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0822318453 |location=Durham}} * {{Cite book |last=Gibson |first=Dawn-Marie |title=A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom |publisher=Praeger |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-313-39807-0 |location=Santa Barbara}} * {{Cite book |last1=Gibson |first1=Dawn-Marie |year=2017 |chapter=Ebony Muhammad's ''Hurt2Healing'' Magazine and Contemporary Nation Women |pages=31β45 |title=New Perspectives on the Nation of Islam |location=New York and Abingdon |publisher=Routledge |editor=Gibson Dawn-Marie and Herbert Berg |isbn=978-0367875176}} * {{Cite book |last1=Gibson |first1=Dawn-Marie |last2=Berg |first2=Herbert |year=2017 |chapter=Introduction |title=New Perspectives on the Nation of Islam |location=New York and Abingdon |publisher=Routledge |editor=Gibson Dawn-Marie and Herbert Berg |isbn=978-0367875176 |pages=1β6}} * {{Cite book |last=Haywood |first=D'Weston L. |year=2017 |chapter="A Superb Sales Forceβ¦ the Men of Muhammad:" The Nation of Islam, Black Masculinity, and Selling ''Muhammad Speaks'' in the Black Power Era |pages=9β30 |title=New Perspectives on the Nation of Islam |location=New York and Abingdon |publisher=Routledge |editor=Gibson Dawn-Marie and Herbert Berg |isbn=978-0367875176}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Izadi |first1=Foad |last2=Hosseini |first2=Hassan |last3=Mohammadi |first3=Setareh Sadeqi |last4=Anjomeruz |first4=Susan |year=2020 |title=The Islamic Republic of Iran in the Rhetoric of the Nation of Islam |journal=Journal of World Sociopolitical Studies |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=133β175}} * {{Cite journal |last=Jeffries |first=Bayyinah S. |year=2019 |title=Black Religion and Black Power: The Nation of Islam's Internationalism |journal=Genealogy |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=34 |doi=10.3390/genealogy3030034 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite book |last1=Keener |first1=Craig S. |last2=Usry |first2=Glenn |year=2005 |chapter=The Nation of Islam |title=A Guide to New Religious Movements |editor=Ronald Enroth |publisher=InterVarsity Press |location=Downers Grove, Illinois |isbn=9780739454954 |pages=169β183}} * {{Cite book |last1=King |first1=Jacob |year=2017 |chapter=Clearing the Planet: Dianetics Auditing and the Eschatology of the Nation of Islam |pages=218β235 |title=New Perspectives on the Nation of Islam |location=New York and Abingdon |publisher=Routledge |editor=Gibson Dawn-Marie and Herbert Berg |isbn=978-0367875176}} * {{Cite journal |last=Knight |first=Frederick |year=1994 |title=Justifiable Homicide, Police Brutality, or Governmental Repression? The 1962 Los Angeles Police Shooting of Seven Members of the Nation of Islam |journal=The Journal of Negro History |volume=79 |number=2 |pages=182β196 |doi=10.2307/2717628 |jstor=2717628 |s2cid=141089165}} * {{cite book |last=Knight |first=Peter |year=2000 |title=Conspiracy Culture: From Kennedy to The X-Files |location=London and New York |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780415189781}} * {{cite book |last=Lincoln |first=C. Eric |authorlink=C. Eric Lincoln |year=1961 |title=The Black Muslims in America |location=Boston |publisher=Beacon Press |oclc=422580}} * {{Cite journal |last=MacGregor |first=Kirk R. |year=2007 |title=The Word-Faith Movement: A Theological Conflation of the Nation of Islam and Mormonism? |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Religion |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=87β120 |doi=10.1093/jaarel/lfl063}} * {{Cite journal |last=McCutcheon |first=Priscilla |year=2013 |title="Returning Home to Our Rightful Place": The Nation of Islam and Muhammad Farms |journal=Geoforum |volume=49 |pages=61β70 |doi=10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.05.001|s2cid=7188105 }} * {{Cite book |first=Priscilla |last=McCutcheon |year=2013b |chapter=Community Food Security "For Us, By Us": The Nation of Islam and the Pan African Orthodox Christian Church |title=Food and Culture: A Reader |edition=third |editor=Carole Counihan and Penny Van Esterik |location=New York |publisher=Routledge |pages=572β586 |isbn=978-0-415-52103-1}} * {{Cite book |last=Oliver |first=Paul |title=New Religious Movements: A Guide for the Perplexed |publisher=Continuum |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-4411-0197-6 |location=London and New York}} * {{Cite journal |last=Paisley |first=Fiona |title=From Nation of Islam to Goodwill Tourist: African-American Women at Pan-Pacific and South East Asia Women's Conferences, 1937 and 1955 |journal=Women's Studies International Forum |volume=32 |year=2009 |pages=21β28 |doi=10.1016/j.wsif.2009.01.008}} * {{cite book |last=Palmer |first=Susan J. |title=The Nuwaubian Nation: Black Spirituality and State Control |location=Farnham |publisher=Ashgate |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-138-26558-5 }} * {{cite book |last1=Perry |first1=Marvin |last2=Schweitzer |first2=Frederick M. |year=2002 |title=Antisemitism: Myth and Hate from Antiquity to the Present |location=New York and Basingstoke |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0312165611 }} * {{Cite book |last1=Potorti |first1=Mary |year=2017 |chapter=Eat to Live: Culinary Nationalism and Black Capitalism in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam |pages=68β94 |title=New Perspectives on the Nation of Islam |location=New York and Abingdon |publisher=Routledge |editor=Gibson Dawn-Marie and Herbert Berg |isbn=978-0367875176}} * {{Cite journal |last=Reid-Pharr |first=Robert |year=1996 |title=Speaking through Anti-Semitism: The Nation of Islam and the Poetics of Black (Counter) Modernity |journal=Social Text |pages=133β147 |doi=10.2307/466897 |jstor=466897 |number=49}} * {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2007 |title=The African Diaspora and the Study of Religion |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |location=New York |last=Soumahoro |first=Maboula |editor-last=Theodore Louis Trost |pages=35β48 |isbn=978-1-4039-7786-1 |contribution=Christianity on Trial: The Nation of Islam and the Rastafari, 1930β1950}} *{{Cite book |last=Stein |first=Howard |contribution="The Eternal Jew": Resurgent Anti-Semitism in the Post-Cold War World |editor=Jerry S. Piven |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eFFsEYvBEZgC |title=Judaism and Genocide: Psychological Undercurrents of History Volume IV |publisher=Writers Club Press |location=Lincoln, NE |year=2002 |isbn=0-595-24086-0 |pages=1β24 }} * {{Cite book |last=Taylor |first=Ula Yvette |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469633930.001.0001 |title=The Promise of Patriarchy: Women and the Nation of Islam |date=2017 |location=Chapel Hill |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |doi=10.5149/northcarolina/9781469633930.001.0001 |isbn=978-1-4696-3393-0}} * {{Cite journal |last=Taylor |first=Wayne |year=2005 |title=Premillennium Tension: Malcolm X and the Eschatology of the Nation of Islam |journal=Souls: A Critical Journal of Black Politics, Culture, and Society |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=52β65 |doi=10.1080/10999940590910041 |s2cid=143226936}} * {{Cite journal |last=Tinaz |first=Nuri |year=1996 |title=The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement |journal=Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=193β209 |doi=10.1080/13602009608716338}} * {{Cite journal |last=Tinaz |first=Nuri |year=2000 |title=Global Impacts of an Ethno-religious Movement: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain |journal=Journal of Economic and Social Research |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=45β71}} * {{Cite journal |last=Tinaz |first=Nuri |year=2006 |title=Black Islam in Diaspora: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain |journal=Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs |volume=26 |number=2 |pages=151β170 |doi=10.1080/13602000600937580 |s2cid=143231871}} * {{Cite journal |last=Tsoukalas |first=Steven |year=2004 |title=Understanding the Nation of Islam: Toward a More Effective Evangelism |journal=Missiology: An International Review |volume=32 |issue=4 |pages=449β464 |doi=10.1177/009182960403200404 |s2cid=158017571}} * {{Cite journal |last=Turman |first=Eboni Marshall |year=2015 |title="The Greatest Tool of the Devil:" Mamie, Malcolm X, and the PolitiX of the Black Madonna in Black Churches and the Nation of Islam in the United States |journal=Journal of Africana Religions |volume=3 |pages=130β150 |doi=10.5325/jafrireli.3.1.0130 |jstor=10.5325/jafrireli.3.1.0130 |number=1 |s2cid=144861867}} * {{Cite book |last1=Vaught |first1=Seneca |year=2017 |chapter=The Crescent Moon and the Carceral State: The Nation of Islam and the Legal Battle for the Right to Assemble |pages=46β67 |title=New Perspectives on the Nation of Islam |location=New York and Abingdon |publisher=Routledge |editor=Gibson Dawn-Marie and Herbert Berg |isbn=978-0367875176}} * {{Cite journal |last=West |first=Cynthia S'thembile |year=1996 |title={{sic|nolink=y|reason=error in source|Revisting}} Female Activism in the 1960s: The Newark Branch Nation of Islam |journal=The Black Scholar |volume=26 |issue=3β4 |pages=41β48 |doi=10.1080/00064246.1996.11430812}} * {{Cite book |last=Wojcik |first=Daniel |title=UFO Religions |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2003 |isbn=978-0415263245 |editor-last=Partridge |editor-first=Christopher |location=London and New York |pages=274β300 |chapter=Apocalyptic and Millenarian Aspects of American UFOism}} * {{Cite journal |last=Woodford |first=Maize |year=1996 |title=A Chronology: Farrakhan's "World Friendship Tour" to Africa and the Middle East: JanuaryβFebruary 1996 |journal=The Black Scholar |volume=26 |issue=3β4 |pages=35β40 |doi=10.1080/00064246.1996.11430811}} {{refend}}
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