Editing Napoleonic Wars (section)

=== Diplomatic espionage ===
French diplomat [[Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord|Talleyrand]] served as a source of intelligence for the Coalition powers against Napoleon.<ref>{{Citation |last=Dwyer |first=Philip G. |title=Conclusion: Talleyrand: Cynical Opportunist or Agent of Change? |date=2016-09-17 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315840093-10 |work=Talleyrand |pages=205–210 |access-date=2023-11-30 |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.4324/9781315840093-10 |isbn=978-1-315-84009-3 |archive-date=8 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208134419/https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/mono/10.4324/9781315840093-10/conclusion-talleyrand-cynical-opportunist-agent-change-philip-dwyer |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Roberts |first=Andrew |date=April 2007 |title=Talleyrand: the old fraud. |journal=New Criterion |volume=25 |issue=8 |quote="Men like M. de Talleyrand are like sharp instruments with which it is dangerous to play" concluded a sagacious Prince Metternich (a long-term paymaster).}}</ref> At the [[Congress of Erfurt]] in September–October 1808, Talleyrand secretly counseled Tsar Alexander. Alexander's attitude towards Napoleon was one of apprehensive opposition. Talleyrand believed Napoleon would eventually destroy the empire he had worked to build across multiple rulers.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Haine |first1=Scott |url=https://archive.org/details/historyoffrance00hain |title=The History of France |publisher=Greenwood Press |year=2000 |isbn=0-313-30328-2 |edition=1st |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyoffrance00hain/page/93 93] |access-date=6 September 2016 |url-access=registration}}</ref> After his resignation in 1807 from the ministry, Talleyrand began to accept bribes from hostile powers (mainly Austria, but also Russia), to betray Napoleon's secrets.<ref name="Lawday">{{cite book |last=Lawday |first=David |title=Napoleon's Master: A Life of Prince Talleyrand |publisher=[[St. Martin's Press]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-312-37297-2 |location=New York}}</ref>

Various agents of Napoleon were known such as [[Madame d'Oettlinger]].