Editing Mumbai (section)

== Culture  ==
{{Main|Mumbai culture}}
[[File:Mumbai 03-2016 70 Asiatic Society Library.jpg|thumb|[[The Asiatic Society of Mumbai]] is one of the oldest [[public library|public libraries]] in the city.|alt=A white building with a triangular façade and wide stairs]]
[[File:Chowpatti Beach (Girgaum Chowpatty).jpg|thumb|[[Girgaum Chowpatty]] beach. Beaches are a popular tourist attraction in the city.]]

Mumbai's culture offers a blend of traditional and cosmopolitan festivals, food, entertainment, and night life. The city's cosmopolitan and urban-centric modern cultural offerings are comparable to other world capitals. Mumbai bears the distinction of being the most cosmopolitan city of India. Its history as a major trading centre and the expansion of an educated middle class has led to a diverse range of cultures, religions, and cuisines coexisting in the city. The variety and abundance of restaurants, cinemas, theatres, sports events and museums are a product of Mumbai's unique cosmopolitan culture.<ref>{{cite book |last=Breckenridge |first=Carol Appadurai |title=Consuming Modernity: Public Culture in a South Asian World |year=1995 |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |pages=90–91 |isbn=978-0-8166-2306-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LN4MN35b-r4C}}</ref>

Mumbai is the birthplace of [[Indian cinema]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/arts/beginners-bollywood/2005/09/27/1127804471297.html |title=Beginners' Bollywood |date=28 September 2005 |work=The Age |location=Sydney |access-date=11 September 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906120745/http://www.theage.com.au/news/arts/beginners-bollywood/2005/09/27/1127804471297.html |archive-date=6 September 2008}}</ref>—[[Dadasaheb Phalke]] laid the foundations with silent movies followed by [[Marathi cinema|Marathi talkies]]—and the oldest film broadcast took place in the early 20th century.<ref>{{harvnb|Vilanilam|2005|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=kvQtoquTT6kC 130]}}</ref> Mumbai also has a large number of cinema halls that feature Bollywood, Marathi and Hollywood movies. The [[Mumbai International Film Festival]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-sundaymagazine/article3232563.ece |title=Matchbox journeys |first=Saraswathy |last=Nagarajan |date=10 September 2006 |work=The Hindu |access-date=11 June 2009 |location=Chennai, India |archive-date=5 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405203521/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-sundaymagazine/article3232563.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> and the award ceremony of the [[Filmfare Awards]], the oldest and prominent film awards given for Hindi film industry in India, are held in Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment?frommovies=1 |title=Filmfare Awards gets new sponsor |date=11 January 2006 |work=The Times of India |access-date=11 September 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122053815/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/?frommovies=1 |archive-date=22 November 2012}}</ref> Despite most of the professional theatre groups that formed during the [[British Raj]] having disbanded by the 1950s, Mumbai has developed a thriving "theatre movement" tradition in Marathi, Hindi, English, and other regional languages.<ref name=multitheater>{{Harvnb|Chaudhuri|2005|pp=4–6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gilder |first=Rosamond |title=The New Theatre in India: An Impression |journal=[[Theatre Journal|Educational Theatre Journal]] |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=201–204 |date=October 1957 |issn=0192-2882 |doi=10.2307/3203529 |jstor=3203529}}</ref>

Contemporary art is featured in both government-funded art spaces and private commercial galleries. The government-funded institutions include the [[Jehangir Art Gallery]] and the [[National Gallery of Modern Art]]. Built in 1833, the [[Asiatic Society of Bombay|Asiatic Society of Mumbai]] is one of the oldest [[public library|public libraries]] in the city.<ref>{{harvnb|David|1995|p=232}}</ref> The [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya]] (formerly The Prince of Wales Museum) is a renowned museum in [[South Mumbai]] which houses rare ancient exhibits of Indian history.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bombaymuseum.org/ |title=Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya |access-date=30 January 2007 |publisher=Prince of Wales Museum of Western India, Mumbai |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070201210616/http://bombaymuseum.org/ |archive-date=1 February 2007}}</ref>

Mumbai has a zoo named [[Jijamata Udyaan]] (formerly Victoria Gardens), which also harbour's a garden. The rich literary traditions of the city have been highlighted internationally by [[Booker Prize]] winners [[Salman Rushdie]], [[Aravind Adiga]]. [[Marathi literature]] has been modernised in the works of Mumbai-based authors such as Mohan Apte, [[Anant Kanekar]], and [[Gangadhar Gadgil]], and is promoted through an annual [[Sahitya Akademi Award]], a literary honour bestowed by India's [[Sahitya Akademi|National Academy of Letters]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/old_version/awa1.htm |title=Sahitya Akademi: awards and fellowships |year=1999 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |access-date=8 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080520022941/http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/old_version/awa1.htm |archive-date=20 May 2008}}</ref>

Mumbai residents celebrate both Western and [[Indian festivals]], [[Ganesh Chaturthi]] is the biggest and most important festival of Mumbai, There are almost 5000 [[Ganpati]] Pandals set up in the city for the celebrations. Other festivals like [[Diwali]], [[Holi]], [[Navratri]], [[Christmas]], [[Rakshabandhan]], [[Makar Sankranti]], [[Navrati|Dussera]], [[Muslim holidays|Eid]], [[Durga Puja]], [[Ram Navami]], [[Shiv Jayanti]] and [[Maha Shivratri]] are some of the popular festivals in the city. The [[Kala Ghoda Arts Festival]] is an exhibition of a world of arts that encapsulates works of artists in the fields of music, dance, theatre and films.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kalaghodaassociation.com/ |title=Kala Ghoda Arts Festival |publisher=Kala Ghoda Association |access-date=6 February 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417023334/http://www.kalaghodaassociation.com/ |archive-date=17 April 2008}}</ref>

The Banganga Festival is a two-day music festival, held annually in the month of January, which is organised by the [[Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation]] (MTDC) at the historic [[Banganga Tank]] in Mumbai.<ref name="MTDCpullout">{{cite news |title=MTDC will not pull out of Elephanta, Banganga fests |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-mtdc-will-not-pull-out-of-elephanta-banganga-fests-1204562 |first=Ahustosh |last=Shukla |date=8 November 2008 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |location=Mumbai |access-date=1 June 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150901064217/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-mtdc-will-not-pull-out-of-elephanta-banganga-fests-1204562 |archive-date=1 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="MTDCBanganga">{{cite web |url=http://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/MTDC/HTML/MaharashtraTourism/Default.aspx?strpage=../MaharashtraTourism/MTDC_Festival/Banganga_Festival.html |title=The Banganga Festival |access-date=7 February 2008 |publisher=Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805052147/http://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/MTDC/HTML/MaharashtraTourism/Default.aspx?strpage=../MaharashtraTourism/MTDC_Festival/Banganga_Festival.html |archive-date=5 August 2012}}</ref> The Elephanta Festival—celebrated every February on the [[Elephanta Island]]s—is dedicated to classical Indian dance and music and attracts performers from across the country.<ref name="MTDCpullout" /><ref name="MTDCElephanta">{{cite web |url=http://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/MTDC/HTML/MaharashtraTourism/Default.aspx?strpage=../MaharashtraTourism/MTDC_Festival/Elephanta_Festival.html |title=The Elephanta Festival |access-date=7 February 2008 |publisher=Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070220194302/http://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/MTDC/HTML/MaharashtraTourism/Default.aspx?strpage=..%2FMaharashtraTourism%2FMTDC_Festival%2FElephanta_Festival.html |archive-date=20 February 2007}}</ref> Public holidays specific to the city and the state include [[Maharashtra Day]] on 1 May, to celebrate the formation of Maharashtra state on 1 May 1960,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Mumbai-celebrates-Maharashtra-Day/articleshow/4471265.cms?referral=PM |title=Mumbai celebrates Maharashtra Day |date=1 May 2009 |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=6 July 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228044157/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Mumbai-celebrates-Maharashtra-Day/articleshow/4471265.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=28 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/03/24/stories/2009032450711300.htm |last=Krishnan |first=Ananth |title='Vote at Eight' campaign |date=24 March 2009 |access-date=6 July 2009 |location=Chennai, India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714002936/http://www.hindu.com/2009/03/24/stories/2009032450711300.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=14 July 2011}}</ref> and [[Gudi Padwa]] which is the New Year's Day for [[Marathi people]].

[[List of Mumbai beaches|Beaches]] are a major tourist attraction in the city. The major beaches in Mumbai are [[Girgaum Chowpatty]], [[Juhu Beach]], Dadar Chowpatty, Gorai Beach, [[Marve Beach]], Versova Beach, Madh Beach, [[Aksa Beach]] and [[Manori]] Beach.<ref>{{cite news |title=BMC to transfer beach cleaning works |date=24 August 2013 |url=http://www.asianage.com/mumbai/bmc-transfer-beach-cleaning-works-516 |work=[[The Asian Age]] |access-date=27 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053256/http://www.asianage.com/mumbai/bmc-transfer-beach-cleaning-works-516 |archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref> Most of the beaches are unfit for swimming, except Girgaum Chowpatty and Juhu Beach.<ref>{{cite news |first=Bhavika |last=Jain |title=8 out of city's 10 beaches unsafe |date=10 May 2011 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/8-out-of-city-s-10-beaches-unsafe/Article1-695594.aspx |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=27 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055224/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/8-out-of-city-s-10-beaches-unsafe/Article1-695594.aspx |archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref> Essel World is a theme park and amusement centre situated close to Gorai Beach,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.esselworld.com/ |title=About Essel World |publisher=[[Essel World]] |access-date=29 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080130164441/http://www.esselworld.com/ |archive-date=30 January 2008}}</ref> and includes Asia's largest theme water park, Water Kingdom.<ref>{{harvnb|O'Brien|2003|p=143}}</ref> [[Adlabs Imagica]] opened in April 2013 is located near the city of Khopoli off the [[Mumbai-Pune Expressway]].<ref name="founderimagica">{{cite news |last=Sharma |first=Samidha |title=Adlabs founder bets big on theme parks |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Adlabs-founder-bets-big-on-theme-parks/articleshow/17379493.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=27 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016010803/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Adlabs-founder-bets-big-on-theme-parks/articleshow/17379493.cms |archive-date=16 October 2015}}</ref>