Editing Montevideo (section)

=== The arts ===
Montevideo has a very rich architectural heritage and a number of writers, artists, and musicians. Uruguayan tango is a unique form of dance that originated in the neighborhoods of Montevideo towards the end of the 1800s. [[Tango music|Tango]], [[candombe]] and [[murga]] are the three main styles of music in this city. The city is also the center of the [[cinema of Uruguay]], which includes commercial, documentary and experimental films. There are two movie theater companies running seven cinemas,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Movie Center |url=http://www.moviecenter.com.uy/home/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110923143752/http://www.moviecenter.com.uy/home/ |archive-date=23 September 2011 |access-date=16 September 2011 |publisher=Movie Center}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MVD CMS 5.1.2 |url=http://www.grupocine.com.uy/ |access-date=16 September 2011 |publisher=Grupocine |archive-date=24 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924232719/http://www.grupocine.com.uy/ |url-status=live }}</ref> around ten independent ones<ref>{{Cite web |title=cines de montevideo cine uruguayo peliculas uruguayas |url=http://www.reservas.net/alojamiento_hoteles/montevideo_cines.htm |access-date=16 September 2011 |publisher=Reservas.net |archive-date=17 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917203609/http://www.reservas.net/alojamiento_hoteles/montevideo_cines.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> and four art film cinemas in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cinemateca Uruguaya |url=http://www.cinemateca.org.uy/ |access-date=16 September 2011 |publisher=Cinemateca.org.uy |archive-date=25 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925142455/http://www.cinemateca.org.uy/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The theater of Uruguay is admired inside and outside Uruguayan borders. The [[Solís Theatre]] is the most prominent theater in Uruguay and the oldest in South America.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Salgado, Susana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lXag39roRosC&q=Solis+Theatre+oldest&pg=PA496 |title=The Teatro Solís: 150 years of opera, concert, and ballet in Montevideo |publisher=[[Wesleyan University Press]] |year=2003 |isbn=0-8195-6594-6 |access-date=22 October 2020 |archive-date=5 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005141548/https://books.google.com/books?id=lXag39roRosC&q=Solis+Theatre+oldest&pg=PA496#v=onepage&q=Solis%20Theatre%20oldest&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> There are several notable theatrical companies and thousands of professional actors and amateurs. Montevideo playwrights produce dozens of works each year; of major note are [[Mauricio Rosencof]], {{interlanguage link|Ana Magnabosco|es}} and {{interlanguage link|Ricardo Prieto|es}}.

==== Visual arts ====
[[File:Montevideo painters.jpg|thumb|right|Painter shop in Montevideo]]
The daily newspaper ''El País'' sponsors the Virtual Museum of Contemporary Uruguayan Art. The director and curator of the Museum presents exhibitions in "virtual spaces, supplemented by information, biographies, texts in English and Spanish".<ref name="Arts">{{Cite web |title=Uruguay /Museums, Exhibition Centres |url=http://universes-in-universe.de/america/ury/mus/e-montevideo.htm |access-date=17 November 2010 |publisher=Universes in Universe |archive-date=24 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100824073924/http://www.universes-in-universe.de/america/ury/mus/e-montevideo.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the early 1970s (1973, to be particular) when the military junta took over power in Uruguay, art suffered in Montevideo. The art studios went into protest mode, with [[Rimer Cardillo]], one of the country's leading artists, making the National Institute of Fine Arts, Montevideo a "hotbed of resistance". This resulted in the military junta coming down heavily on artists by closing the Fine Art Institute and carting away all the presses and other studio equipment. Consequently, the learning of fine arts was only in private studios run by people who had been let out of jail, in works of printing and on paper and also painting and sculpture. It resumed much later.<ref name="Dorsky">{{Cite book |last=Samuel Dorsky Museum of Art |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bOno-rgMuP8C&pg=PA11 |title=Rimer Cardillo: Impressions (and Other Images of Memory) 16 October – 12 December 2004 |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2004 |isbn=1-4384-3110-4 |pages=11–13 |access-date=17 November 2010 |archive-date=5 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005141552/https://books.google.com/books?id=bOno-rgMuP8C&pg=PA11#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Literature ====
The first public library in Montevideo was formed by the initial donation of the private library of Father José Manuel Pérez Castellano, who died in 1815. Its promoter, director and organizer was Father [[Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga]], who also made a considerable donation along with donations from José Raimundo Guerra, as well as others from the Convent of San Francisco in [[Salta]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=mec-historia |url=http://www.bibna.gub.uy/historia.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428032254/http://www.bibna.gub.uy/historia.html |archive-date=28 April 2011 |access-date=12 December 2010 |publisher=Ministerio de Ecucacion y Cultura |language=es}}</ref> In 1816 its stock was 5,000 volumes.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Appel |first=John Wilton |date=1994 |title=Francisco José de Caldas: A Scientist at Work in Nueva Granada |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1006650 |journal=Transactions of the American Philosophical Society |volume=84 |issue=5 |pages=1–154 |doi=10.2307/1006650 |jstor=1006650 |issn=0065-9746 |access-date=7 October 2022 |archive-date=7 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007161955/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1006650 |url-status=live }}</ref> The building of the [[National Library of Uruguay]] (''Biblioteca Pública de Uruguay'') was designed by Luis Crespi in the [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] style and occupies an area of {{convert|4000|sqm|sqft|sp=us}}. Construction began in 1926 and it was inaugurated in 1964. Its collection amounts to 900,000 volumes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biblioteca Nacional de Uruguay |url=http://www.bibna.gub.uy/situacion_actual.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091124140816/http://www.bibna.gub.uy/situacion_actual.html |archive-date=24 November 2009 |access-date=15 November 2010 |publisher=bibna.gub.uy |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=26 de mayo de 1816: fundación de la primera Biblioteca Pública |url=http://www.uruguayeduca.edu.uy/Portal.Base/Web/VerContenido.aspx?ID=202343 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501102249/http://www.uruguayeduca.edu.uy/Portal.Base/Web/VerContenido.aspx?ID=202343 |archive-date=1 May 2011 |access-date=12 December 2010 |publisher=Uruguay Educa |language=es}}</ref>

==== Authors ====
[[File:Delmira Agustini.jpg|right|upright|thumb| The poet [[Delmira Agustini]].]]
The city has a long and rich literary tradition. Although [[Uruguayan literature]] is not limited to the authors of the capital ([[Horacio Quiroga]] was born in [[Salto, Uruguay|Salto]] and [[Mario Benedetti]] in [[Paso de los Toros]], for instance), Montevideo has been and is the center of the editorial and creative activity of literature.

In 1900, the city had a remarkable group of writers, including [[José Enrique Rodó]], [[Carlos Vaz Ferreira]], [[Julio Herrera y Reissig]], [[Delmira Agustini]] and [[Felisberto Hernández]]. Montevideo was then called the "Atenas del Plata" or the "[[Athens]] of the Rio de la Plata".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Javier Meneses Silva |title=Movimiento cultural |url=http://www.tacuy.com.uy/Servicios/Montevideo/index.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302094006/http://www.tacuy.com.uy/Servicios/Montevideo/index.htm |archive-date=2 March 2009 |access-date=16 November 2010 |publisher=Tacuy.com.uy |language=es}}</ref>
[[File:Eduardo Galeano - conferenza Vicenza 2.jpg|left|upright=0.75|thumb|The writer [[Eduardo Galeano]].]]
Among the outstanding authors of Montevideo of the second half of the 20th century are [[Juan Carlos Onetti]], [[Antonio Larreta]], [[Eduardo Galeano]], [[Marosa di Giorgio]] and [[Cristina Peri Rossi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=El poder de la palabra |url=http://www.epdlp.com/paise.php?pais=Uruguay |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101025162441/http://www.epdlp.com/paise.php?pais=Uruguay |archive-date=25 October 2010 |access-date=16 November 2010 |publisher=epdlp.com |language=es}}</ref>

A new generation of writers has become known internationally in recent years. These include Eduardo Espina (essayist and poet), [[Fernando Butazzoni]] (novelist), {{interlanguage link|Rafael Courtoisie|es}} (poet) and [[Hugo Burel]] (short story writer and novelist).

==== Music ====
In Montevideo, as throughout the Rio de Plata region, the most popular forms of music are [[tango music|tango]], [[Milonga (music)|milonga]] and ''[[vals criollo]]''. Many notable songs originated in Montevideo including "El Tango supremo", "La Cumparsita", "La Milonga", "La Puñalada" and "[[Desde el Alma]]", composed by notable Montevideo musicians such as [[Gerardo Matos Rodríguez]], [[Pintín Castellanos]] and [[Rosita Melo]].<ref name="SC1">{{Cite web |title=Montevideo, Uruguay |url=http://www.spanishcourses.info/cities/montevideo-uruguay-41-EN.htm |access-date=18 November 2010 |publisher=Spanish courses |archive-date=28 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128172814/http://spanishcourses.info/cities/montevideo-uruguay-41-EN.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Tango is deeply ingrained in the cultural life of the city and is the theme for many of the bars and restaurants in the city. 20th. century composers like three-time [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]] nominated [[Miguel del Águila|Miguel del Aguila]] have taken Uruguayan tango to international classical music audiences. ''Fun Fun' Bar'', established in 1935, is one of the most important places for tango in Uruguay as is ''El Farolito'', located in the old part of the city and ''Joventango'', ''Café Las Musas'', ''Garufa'' and ''Vieja Viola''.<ref name="SC1" /> The city is also home to the Montevideo Jazz Festival and has the Bancaria Jazz Club bar catering for jazz enthusiasts.