Editing Mathematical optimization (section)

===Computational systems biology===
{{main|Computational systems biology}}
Optimization techniques are used in many facets of computational systems biology such as model building, optimal experimental design, metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology.<ref name="Papoutsakis 1984">{{Cite journal|last=Papoutsakis|first=Eleftherios Terry|date=February 1984|title=Equations and calculations for fermentations of butyric acid bacteria|journal=Biotechnology and Bioengineering|volume=26|issue=2|pages=174–187|doi=10.1002/bit.260260210|pmid=18551704|s2cid=25023799|issn=0006-3592}}</ref> [[Linear programming]] has been applied to calculate the maximal possible yields of fermentation products,<ref name="Papoutsakis 1984" /> and to infer gene regulatory networks from multiple microarray datasets<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Wang|first1=Yong|last2=Joshi|first2=Trupti|last3=Zhang|first3=Xiang-Sun|last4=Xu|first4=Dong|last5=Chen|first5=Luonan|date=2006-07-24|title=Inferring gene regulatory networks from multiple microarray datasets |journal=Bioinformatics|language=en|volume=22|issue=19|pages=2413–2420|doi=10.1093/bioinformatics/btl396|pmid=16864593|issn=1460-2059|doi-access=}}</ref> as well as transcriptional regulatory networks from high-throughput data.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Wang|first1=Rui-Sheng|last2=Wang|first2=Yong|last3=Zhang|first3=Xiang-Sun|last4=Chen|first4=Luonan|date=2007-09-22|title=Inferring transcriptional regulatory networks from high-throughput data|journal=Bioinformatics|volume=23|issue=22|pages=3056–3064|doi=10.1093/bioinformatics/btm465|pmid=17890736|issn=1460-2059|doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Nonlinear programming]] has been used to analyze energy metabolism<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Vo|first1=Thuy D.|last2=Paul Lee|first2=W.N.|last3=Palsson|first3=Bernhard O.|date=May 2007|title=Systems analysis of energy metabolism elucidates the affected respiratory chain complex in Leigh's syndrome|journal=Molecular Genetics and Metabolism|volume=91|issue=1|pages=15–22|doi=10.1016/j.ymgme.2007.01.012|pmid=17336115|issn=1096-7192}}</ref> and has been applied to metabolic engineering and parameter estimation in biochemical pathways.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Mendes|first1=P.|author-link1 = Pedro Pedrosa Mendes|last2=Kell|first2=D.|date=1998|title=Non-linear optimization of biochemical pathways: applications to metabolic engineering and parameter estimation|journal=Bioinformatics|volume=14|issue=10|pages=869–883|issn=1367-4803|pmid=9927716|doi=10.1093/bioinformatics/14.10.869|doi-access=free}}</ref>