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==Further reading== {{Refbegin|40em}} * {{citation | surname = Baxter | given = William H. | author-link = William H. Baxter | title = Mandarin dialect phylogeny | journal = Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale | volume = 35 | issue = 1 | year = 2006 | pages = 71–114 | doi = 10.3406/clao.2006.1748 | doi-access = free | ref = none | postscript = . | url = http://www.persee.fr/docAsPDF/clao_0153-3320_2006_num_35_1_1748.pdf }} * {{citation | surname = Dwyer | given = Arienne M. | title = From the Northwest China Sprachbund: Xúnhuà Chinese dialect data | journal = Yuen Ren Society Treasury of Chinese Dialect Data | volume = 1 | year = 1995 | pages = 143–182 | ref = none | postscript = . | hdl = 1808/7090 }} * {{citation | surname = Novotná | given = Zdenka | title = Contributions to the Study of Loan-Words and Hybrid Words in Modern Chinese | journal = Archiv Orientální | volume = 35 | year = 1967 | pages = 613–649 | url = http://kramerius.lib.cas.cz/search/i.jsp?pid=uuid:e58cace2-3e46-11e1-bdd3-005056a60003 | ref = none | postscript = . | access-date = 2014-06-09 | archive-date = 2014-08-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140809091147/http://kramerius.lib.cas.cz/search/i.jsp?pid=uuid:e58cace2-3e46-11e1-bdd3-005056a60003 | url-status = live }} * {{citation | author = Shen Zhongwei ({{lang|zh-hans|沈钟伟}}) | title = The origin of Mandarin | journal = Journal of Chinese Linguistics | volume = 39 | number = 2 | year = 2011 | pages = 1–31 | jstor = 23754434 | ref = none | postscript = . }} * {{cite book |author1=Chen Zhangtai ({{lang|zh-hans|陈章太}}) |author2=Li Xingjian ({{lang|zh-hans|李行健}}) |pages=1–5 |script-title=zh:普通话基础方言基本词汇集 |trans-title=Mandarin basic dialects basic words collection |publisher={{lang|zh-hans|语文出版社}} [Languages Press] |year=1996 |language=zh-hans | ref = none}} *{{Cite JIPA|author1=Li, Qian |author2=Chen, Yiya |author3=Xiong, Ziyu|title=Tianjin Mandarin|volume=49|issue=1|pages=109–128|doi=10.1017/S0025100317000287|printdate=2019-04|soundfiles=yes}} *{{Cite JIPA|author1=Chen, Yiya |author2=Guo, Li|title=Zhushan Mandarin|volume=52|issue=2|pages=309–327|doi=10.1017/S0025100320000183|printdate=2022-08|soundfiles=yes}} *{{Cite JIPA|author1=Kong, Huifang |author2=Wu, Shengyi |author3=Li, Mingxing|title=Hefei Mandarin|pages= 1–22|doi=10.1017/S0025100322000081|onlinedate=2022-07-15|soundfiles=yes}} {{Refend}} * {{cite book |editor-first= Mary |editor-last= Bagg |title= Encyclopedia of China |chapter=Mandarin |publisher=Berkshire |isbn=978-0-9770159-4-8 |url= https://archive.org/details/berkshireencyclopediaofchina5volumeset/page/n1422/mode/1up |ref=Berkshire}} ===Historical Western language texts=== {{Refbegin|40em}} * {{citation | title = Idiomatic Dialogues in the Peking Colloquial for the Use of Student | given = Frederic Henry | surname = Balfour | publisher = Offices of the North-China Herald | location = Shanghai | year = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/idiomaticdialog00balfgoog | ref = none | postscript = . }} * {{citation | title = Western Mandarin: or the spoken language of western China, with syllabic and English indexes | given = Adam | surname = Grainger | publisher = American Presbyterian Mission Press | location = Shanghai | year = 1900 | url = https://archive.org/details/westernmandarino00graiuoft | ref = none | postscript = . }} * {{citation | title = A Mandarin-Romanized dictionary of Chinese | given = Donald | surname = MacGillivray | location = Shanghai | publisher = Presbyterian Mission Press | year = 1905 | url = https://archive.org/details/mandarinromaniz00macg | ref = none | postscript = . }} * {{citation | title = A course of Mandarin lessons, based on idiom | given = Calvin Wilson | surname = Mateer | publisher = American Presbyterian Mission Press | location = Shanghai | year = 1906 | edition = revised 2nd | url = https://archive.org/details/coursemandarin00mate | ref = none | postscript = . }} * {{citation | title = The Standard System of Mandarin Romanization: Introduction, Sound Table an Syllabary | given = F.E. | surname = Meigs | location = Shanghai | publisher = Educational Association of China | year = 1904 | url = https://archive.org/details/standardsystemm01chingoog | ref = none | postscript = . }} * {{citation | title = The Standard System of Mandarin Romanization: Radical Index | given = F.E. | surname = Meigs | location = Shanghai | publisher = Educational Association of China | year = 1905 | url = https://archive.org/details/standardsystemm00chingoog | ref = none | postscript = . }} * {{citation | title = A Dictionary from English to Colloquial Mandarin Chinese | given1 = George Carter | surname1 = Stent | given2 = Karl | surname2 = Hemeling | year = 1905 | location = Shanghai | publisher = Statistical Department of the Inspectorate General of Customs | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=J3suAAAAYAAJ | ref = none | postscript = . }} * {{citation | title = Colloquial Chinese (northern) | given = A. Neville J. | surname = Whymant | publisher = Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Company | location = London | year = 1922 | edition = 2nd | url = https://archive.org/details/colloquialchines00whymiala | ref = none | postscript = . }} {{Refend}}
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