Editing James City County, Virginia (section)

=== 19th century ===
During the [[American Civil War]], the 1862 [[Peninsula Campaign]] was a move up the Virginia Peninsula from [[Fort Monroe]] at the eastern tip by Union troops in an attempt to take the Confederate capital of [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]]. The Williamsburg Line, a third Confederate line of defense, extended across the Peninsula just east of town. Construction of the line, largely consisting of a series of 14 redoubts, was overseen by [[College of William and Mary]] President [[Benjamin S. Ewell]], who had joined in the defense of Williamsburg. At Redoubt # 6, near the center, [[Fort Magruder]], an earthen fortification, was located at a strategic point at the juncture of the roads from Lee's Mill and Yorktown to Williamsburg.

At Fort Magruder, a few earthworks and a small memorial remain along present-day Penniman Road in a residential area. In early 2006, [[Riverside Health System]] donated {{convert|22|acre|m2}} of the {{convert|350|acre|km2}} of land that it had bought from Colonial Williamsburg in 2004, to create a public park. The land, located about {{convert|1.5|mi|km}} south of Fort Magruder (towards the James River), includes two redoubts that were part of the line of defenses made up of 14 redoubts, of which Fort Magruder was the largest.