Editing JPEG (section)

== Successors ==
The Joint Photographic Experts Group has developed several newer standards meant to complement or replace the functionality of the original JPEG format.

=== JPEG LS ===
{{main|JPEG LS}}
Originating in 1993 and published as ISO-14495-1/ITU-T.87, JPEG LS offers a low-complexity lossless file format which was more efficient than JPEG's original lossless implementation. It also features a lossy mode close to lossless. Its functionality is largely limited to that, and largely shares the same limitations of the original JPEG in other aspects.

=== JPEG 2000 ===
{{main|JPEG 2000}}
JPEG 2000 was published as ISO/IEC 15444 in December 2000. It is based on a [[discrete wavelet transform]] (DWT) and was designed to completely replace the original JPEG standard and exceed it in every way. It allows up to 38 bits per colour channel and 16384 channels, more than any other format, with a multitude of colour spaces, and thus high dynamic range (HDR). Furthermore, it supports alpha transparency coding, billions-by-billions pixel images, which is also more than any other format, and lossless compression. It has significantly improved lossy compression ratio with significantly less visible artefacts at strong compression levels.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cloudinary.com/blog/time_for_next_gen_codecs_to_dethrone_jpeg|title=It's High Time to Replace JPEG With a Next-Generation Image Codec|website=Cloudinary|first=Jon|last=Sneyers |date=22 February 2021|access-date=14 November 2023}}</ref>

=== JPEG XT ===
{{main|JPEG XT}}

JPEG XT (ISO/IEC 18477) was published in June 2015; it extends base JPEG format with support for higher integer bit depths (up to 16 bit), high dynamic range imaging and floating-point coding, lossless coding, and alpha channel coding. Extensions are backward compatible with the base JPEG/JFIF file format and 8-bit lossy compressed image. JPEG XT uses an extensible file format based on JFIF. Extension layers are used to modify the JPEG 8-bit base layer and restore the high-resolution image. Existing software is forward compatible and can read the JPEG XT binary stream, though it would only decode the base 8-bit layer.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jpeg.org/jpegxt/|title=JPEG - JPEG XT|website=jpeg.org|access-date=2018-03-03|archive-date=2018-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304055205/https://jpeg.org/jpegxt/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== JPEG XL ===
{{main|JPEG XL}}
JPEG XL (ISO/IEC 18181) was published in 2021&ndash;2022. It replaces the JPEG format with a new DCT-based [[royalty-free]] format and allows efficient transcoding as a storage option for traditional JPEG images.<ref name=spie_jpegxl>{{cite book|chapter=JPEG XL next-generation image compression architecture and coding tools|chapter-url=https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/11137/111370K/JPEG-XL-next-generation-image-compression-architecture-and-coding-tools/10.1117/12.2529237.full?SSO=1|first1=Jyrki|last1=Alakuijala|first2=Ruud|last2=van Asseldonk|first3=Sami|last3=Boukortt|first4=Martin|last4=Bruse|first5=Iulia-Maria|last5=Comșa|first6=Moritz|last6=Firsching|first7=Thomas|last7=Fischbacher|first8=Evgenii|last8=Kliuchnikov|first9=Sebastian|last9=Gomez|first10=Robert|last10=Obryk|first11=Krzysztof|last11=Potempa|first12=Alexander|last12=Rhatushnyak|first13=Jon|last13=Sneyers|first14=Zoltan|last14=Szabadka|first15=Lode|last15=Vandervenne|first16=Luca|last16=Versari|first17=Jan|last17=Wassenberg|editor1-first=Andrew G|editor1-last=Tescher|editor2-first=Touradj|editor2-last=Ebrahimi|title=Applications of Digital Image Processing XLII|date=2019-09-06| volume=11137 |page=20|doi=10.1117/12.2529237|bibcode=2019SPIE11137E..0KA|isbn=978-1-5106-2967-7|s2cid=202785129|access-date=2021-12-26|archive-date=2021-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226010413/https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/11137/111370K/JPEG-XL-next-generation-image-compression-architecture-and-coding-tools/10.1117/12.2529237.full?SSO=1|url-status=live}}</ref> The new format is designed to exceed the still image compression performance shown by [[HEIF]] HM, [[Daala]] and [[WebP]]. It supports billion-by-billion pixel images, up to 32-bit-per-component [[high dynamic range]] with the appropriate transfer functions ([[Perceptual quantizer|PQ]] and [[Hybrid log–gamma|HLG]]), patch encoding of synthetic images such as bitmap fonts and gradients, animated images, alpha channel coding, and a choice of RGB/YCbCr/[[ICtCp]] color encoding.<ref name="jpegxl_committeedraft">{{cite arXiv|title=Committee Draft of JPEG XL Image Coding System|eprint = 1908.03565|last1 = Rhatushnyak|first1 = Alexander|last2 = Wassenberg|first2 = Jan|last3 = Sneyers|first3 = Jon|last4 = Alakuijala|first4 = Jyrki|last5 = Vandevenne|first5 = Lode|last6 = Versari|first6 = Luca|last7 = Obryk|first7 = Robert|last8 = Szabadka|first8 = Zoltan|last9 = Kliuchnikov|first9 = Evgenii|last10 = Comsa|first10 = Iulia-Maria|last11 = Potempa|first11 = Krzysztof|last12 = Bruse|first12 = Martin|last13 = Firsching|first13 = Moritz|last14 = Khasanova|first14 = Renata|author15 = Ruud van Asseldonk|last16 = Boukortt|first16 = Sami|last17 = Gomez|first17 = Sebastian|last18 = Fischbacher|first18 = Thomas|class = eess.IV|year = 2019}}</ref><ref name="jpegxl_cfp">{{cite web|url=https://jpeg.org/downloads/jpegxl/jpegxl-cfp.pdf|title=N79010 Final Call for Proposals for a Next-Generation Image Coding Standard (JPEG XL)|work=ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 1 (ITU-T SG16)|access-date=29 May 2018|archive-date=31 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031184400/https://jpeg.org/downloads/jpegxl/jpegxl-cfp.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite ISO standard |title=ISO/IEC 18181-1:2022 Information technology — JPEG XL image coding system — Part 1: Core coding system |csnumber=77977 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite ISO standard |title=ISO/IEC 18181-2:2021 Information technology — JPEG XL image coding system — Part 2: File format |csnumber=80617 }}</ref>