Editing Infertility (section)

===Ethics===
There are several ethical issues associated with infertility and its treatment.
* High-cost treatments are out of financial reach for some couples.
* Debate over whether health insurance companies (e.g., in the US) should be required to cover infertility treatment.
* Allocation of medical resources that could be used elsewhere
* The legal status of embryos fertilized [[in vitro]] and not transferred [[in vivo]]. (See also [[beginning of pregnancy controversy]]).
* Opposition to the destruction of embryos not transferred in vivo.
* IVF and other fertility treatments have increased by [[multiple birth]]s, provoking ethical analysis because of the link between multiple pregnancies, [[premature birth]], and a host of health problems.
* Religious leaders' opinions on fertility treatments; for example, the [[Roman Catholic Church]] views infertility as a calling to adopt or to use natural treatments (medication, surgery, or cycle charting), and members must reject assisted reproductive technologies.
* Infertility caused by DNA defects on the Y chromosome is passed on from father to son. If [[natural selection]] is the primary error correction mechanism that prevents random mutations on the Y chromosome, then fertility treatments for men with abnormal sperm (in particular [[Intracytoplasmic sperm injection|ICSI]]) only defer the underlying problem to the next male generation.
* Specific procedures, such as gestational surrogacy, have led to numerous ethical issues, particularly when people living in one country contract for surrogacy in another (transnational surrogacy).<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Deomampo D |title=Transnational Reproduction: Race, Kinship, and Commercial Surrogacy in India |date=2016 |publisher=New York University Press |location=New York}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Singh HD |title=The World's Back Womb?: Commercial Surrogacy and Infertility Inequalities in India |journal=American Anthropologist |date=2014 |volume=116 |issue=4 |pages=824–828 |doi=10.1111/aman.12146 |hdl=2027.42/109636 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

Many countries have special frameworks for dealing with the ethical and social issues around fertility treatment.
* One of the best known is the [[HFEA]] – The UK's regulator for fertility treatment and embryo research. This was set up on 1 August 1991 following a detailed commission of enquiry led by [[Mary Warnock]] in the 1980s
* A similar model to the HFEA has been adopted by the rest of the countries in the European Union. Each country has its own body or bodies responsible for the inspection and licensing of fertility treatment under the EU Tissues and Cells directive<ref>{{cite web|url=http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/cha/c11573.htm|title=Europa|website=europa.eu|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521104716/http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/cha/c11573.htm|archive-date=21 May 2008}}</ref>
* Regulatory bodies are also found in Canada<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/reprod/agenc/index_e.html | title = Assisted Human Reproduction Canada | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080523105234/http://hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/reprod/agenc/index_e.html | archive-date=23 May 2008 }}</ref> and in the state of Victoria in Australia<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ita.org.au/|title=Independent Theatre Association|access-date=2 June 2008|archive-date=28 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828124142/https://www.ita.org.au/|url-status=live}}</ref>