Editing Humphry Davy (section)

=== Travels ===
====European tour====
[[File:Sir Humphry Davy, Bt by Sir Thomas Lawrence.jpg|thumb|right|upright|''[[Portrait of Sir Humphry Davy]]'' by [[Thomas Lawrence]], 1821]]
[[File:Rough diamond.jpg|left|thumb|150px|A diamond crystal in its matrix]]
In 1812, Davy was [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]] and gave up his lecturing position at the Royal Institution. He was given the title of Honorary Professor of Chemistry.<ref name="Knight 1992"/> He gave a farewell lecture to the Institution, and married a wealthy widow, [[Jane Davy|Jane Apreece]]. (While Davy was generally acknowledged as being faithful to his wife, their relationship was stormy, and in later years he travelled to continental Europe alone.){{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}
[[File:Davy-3.jpg|left|thumb|311x311px|Dedication page of an 1812 copy of "''Elements of Chemical Philosophy''," which Davy dedicated to his wife.]]
Davy then published his ''Elements of Chemical Philosophy, part 1, volume 1'', though other parts of this title were never completed. He made notes for a second edition, but it was never required.<ref name="Knight 1992"/> 
In October 1813, he and his wife, accompanied by [[Michael Faraday]] as his scientific assistant (also treated as a valet), travelled to France to collect the second edition of the ''[[Volta Prize#Inspiration|prix du Galvanisme]],'' a medal that [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] had awarded Davy for his electro-chemical work. Faraday noted "Tis indeed a strange venture at this time, to trust ourselves in a foreign and hostile country, where so little regard is had to protestations of honour, that the slightest suspicion would be sufficient to separate us for ever from England, and perhaps from life".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=H.B.|title=The life and letters of Faraday, Vol. 1|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.1063|date=1870|page=[https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.1063/page/n85 75]}}</ref> Davy's party sailed from Plymouth to Morlaix by [[cartel (ship)|cartel]], where they were searched.<ref name="Knight 1992"/>

Upon reaching Paris, Davy was a guest of honour at a meeting of the First Class of the {{lang|fr|[[Institut de France]]|italic=no}} and met with [[André-Marie Ampère]] and other French chemists.<ref name="Knight 1992"/> It was later reported that Davy's wife had thrown the medal into the sea, near her Cornish home, "as it raised bad memories". The Royal Society of Chemistry has offered over £1,800 for the recovery of the medal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7298375.stm|title=Napoleon's medal 'cast into sea'|date=15 March 2008|access-date=23 October 2021|website=News.bbc.co.uk|archive-date=10 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210215753/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7298375.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>

While in Paris, Davy attended lectures at the [[Ecole Polytechnique]], including those by [[Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac]] on a mysterious substance isolated by [[Bernard Courtois]]. Davy wrote a paper for the Royal Society on the element, which is now called [[iodine]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Davy |first=H. |title=Sur la nouvelle substance découverte par M. Courtois, dans le sel de Vareck |journal=[[Annales de chimie]] |volume=88|page=322|year=1813}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Davy |first=Humphry |title=Some Experiments and Observations on a New Substance Which Becomes a Violet Coloured Gas by Heat |journal=Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. |volume=104 |pages=74–93|date=1 January 1814 |doi=10.1098/rstl.1814.0007 |doi-access= }}</ref> This led to a dispute between Davy and Gay-Lussac on who had the priority on the research.<ref name="Knight 1992"/>

Davy's party did not meet Napoleon in person, but they did visit the Empress [[Joséphine de Beauharnais]] at the [[Château de Malmaison]].<ref name="Knight 1992"/> The party left Paris in December 1813, travelling south to Italy.<ref name="Williams, 1965" >For information on the continental tour of Davy and Faraday, see {{cite book
 |last=Williams |first=L. Pearce
 |title = Michael Faraday: A Biography
 |url=https://archive.org/details/michaelfaradaybi00will |url-access=registration |year = 1965
 |page=[https://archive.org/details/michaelfaradaybi00will/page/36 36]
 |publisher = Basic Books|location = New York
 |isbn=978-0-306-80299-7
}}</ref> They sojourned in [[Florence]], where using the [[burning glass]] of the Grand Duke of Tuscany <ref>* {{cite book
 |last = Faraday |first = Michael
 |author-link = Michael Faraday
 |title = Curiosity Perfectly Satisfyed: Faraday's Travels in Europe, 1813–1815
 |editor1-last= Bowers
 |editor1-first= Brian
 |editor2-last= Symons
 |editor2-first= Lenore
 |location = London|publisher = Peregrinus
 |year = 1991
 |isbn = 9780863412349
}}</ref> in a series of experiments conducted with Faraday's assistance, Davy succeeded in using the sun's rays to ignite [[diamond]], proving it is composed of pure [[carbon]].

Davy's party continued to Rome, where he undertook experiments on iodine and chlorine and on the colours used in ancient paintings. This was the first chemical research on the pigments used by artists.<ref name="Knight 1992"/>

He also visited [[Naples]] and [[Mount Vesuvius]], where he collected samples of crystals. By June 1814, they were in [[Milan]], where they met [[Alessandro Volta]], and then continued north to [[Geneva]]. They returned to Italy via [[Munich]] and [[Innsbruck]], and when their plans to travel to Greece and [[Istanbul]] were abandoned after Napoleon's escape from [[Elba]], they returned to England.

After the [[Battle of Waterloo]], Davy wrote to [[Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool|Lord Liverpool]] urging that the French be treated with severity:

{{Blockquote|My Lord, I need not say to Your Lordship that the capitulation of Paris not a treaty;  lest everything belonging to the future state of that capital & of France is open to discussion & that France is a conquered country.  It is the duty of the allies to give her more restricted boundaries which shall not encroach upon the natural limits of other nations.  to weaken her on the side of Italy, Germany & Flanders.  To take back from her by contributions the wealth she has acquired by them to suffer her to retain nothing that the republican or imperial armies have stolen:  This last duty is demanded no less by policy than justice.|Sir Humphry Davy
|Letter to Lord Liverpool<ref name="Knight 1992"/><ref>{{cite web|last1=Davy|first1=Humphry|title=Letter to Lord Liverpool, Summer 1815[?]|url=http://www.davy-letters.org.uk/|website=List of letters: Humphry Davy and his circle|access-date=4 May 2017|archive-date=7 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607030315/http://davy-letters.org.uk/|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}<gallery>
File:Davy-1.jpg|1812 copy of "''Elements of Chemical Philosophy''"
File:Davy-2.jpg|Title page of an 1812 copy of "''Elements of Chemical Philosophy''"
File:Davy-4.jpg|Table of contents page of an 1812 copy of "''Elements of Chemical Philosophy''"
File:Davy-5.jpg|Introduction of an 1812 copy of "''Elements of Chemical Philosophy''"
File:Davy-6.jpg|Introduction (continued) of an 1812 copy of "''Elements of Chemical Philosophy''"
</gallery>