Editing History of the Philippines (section)

=== Incorporation to the Mexico-based Viceroyalty of New Spain ===
The founding of [[Manila]] by uniting the dominions of [[Rajah Sulayman|Sulayman III]] and [[Rajah Matanda|Rajah Ache ''Matanda'']] of [[Kingdom of Maynila|Maynila]] who was a vassal to the Sultan of Brunei, and [[Lakandula]] of [[Tondo (historical polity)|Tondo]] who paid tribute to [[Ming dynasty]] China – caused the creation of Manila on February 6, 1579, through the [[Papal bull]] ''Illius Fulti Præsidio'' by [[Pope Gregory XIII]], encompassing all [[New Spain|Spanish colonies]] in Asia as a [[Suffragan diocese|suffragan]] of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mexico|Archdiocese of Mexico]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.manilacathedral.org/History/history_1.htm |title=History – the First Cathedral 1581–1583 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524232007/http://www.manilacathedral.org/History/history_1.htm |archive-date=May 24, 2013 |website=Manila Metropolitan Cathedral-Basilica Official Website |accessdate=March 22, 2013 |url-status=usurped}}</ref> Aside from Manila the capital, the Spanish and Latino populations were first concentrated in the 5 newly founded Spanish Royal Cities of [[Cebu City|Cebu]], [[Iloilo City|Arevalo]], [[Lal-lo|Nueva Segovia]], [[Naga, Camarines Sur|Nueva Caceres]], and [[Vigan City|Vigan]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.gutenberg.org/files/38269/38269-h/38269-h.htm#xd19e3408| title = A History of the Philippines by David P. Barrows| quote = The Largest Cities.—Most of this Spanish population dwelt in Manila or in the five other cities which the Spaniards had founded in the first three decades of their occupation. Those were as follows:—| access-date = January 15, 2022| archive-date = February 8, 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190208005625/http://www.gutenberg.org/files/38269/38269-h/38269-h.htm#xd19e3408| url-status = live}}</ref> Aside from these cities, they were also scattered across the [[Presidios]] of [[Cavite City|Cavite]], [[Calamianes]], [[Caraga Region|Caraga]], and [[Zamboanga City|Zamboanga]].<ref>[https://academic.oup.com/past/article/232/1/87/1752419 Convicts or Conquistadores? Spanish Soldiers in the Seventeenth-Century Pacific By Stephanie J. Mawson] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603111934/https://academic.oup.com/past/article/232/1/87/1752419 |date=June 3, 2018 }} AGI, México, leg. 25, núm. 62; AGI, Filipinas, leg. 8, ramo 3, núm. 50; leg. 10, ramo 1, núm. 6; leg. 22, ramo 1, núm. 1, fos. 408 r −428 v; núm. 21; leg. 32, núm. 30; leg. 285, núm. 1, fos. 30 r −41 v .</ref> For much of the Spanish period, the Philippines was part of the Mexico-based [[Viceroyalty of New Spain]]. Of the Spaniards and Latinos sent to the Philippines, almost half of the individuals levied to Manila were reported in judicial files as españoles (Spanish born in the colonies, who were often just "very pale [[mestizos]]"), and about a third, as mestizos (whereas Indian ([[Native American people|Native American]]), [[mulatto]]s, and blacks could be mistaken for mestizos of darker color).<ref>Forced Migration in the Spanish Pacific World From Mexico to the Philippines, 1765–1811. By Eva Maria Mehl, Published at University of North Carolina Wilmington. Chapter 4: Levies for the Philippines in Late Colonial Mexico (Page 174)</ref> Castizos amounted to a total of 15 percent, while peninsulares (Spaniards born in Spain) were around 5 percent of those punished with deportation to Manila.<ref>Forced Migration in the Spanish Pacific World From Mexico to the Philippines, 1765–1811. By Eva Maria Mehl, Published at University of North Carolina Wilmington. Chapter 4: Levies for the Philippines in Late Colonial Mexico (Page 172)</ref>