Editing History of Ukraine (section)

==== Other Ukrainian states and movements ====
{{Main|Makhnovshchina|Kholodny Yar Republic|Kuban People's Republic}}

The [[Makhnovshchina]], which existed from 1918 to 1921, was a revolutionary anarchist movement in southern Ukraine led by [[Nestor Makhno]]. It emerged during the chaos of the [[Russian Civil War]]. The Makhnovists aimed to establish a stateless, self-managed society based on anarchist principles, where peasants and workers controlled the land and factories. Makhno's forces fought against various powers, including the [[Bolsheviks]], the [[White Army]], and foreign invaders. Despite initial successes, the movement was eventually crushed by the Bolsheviks.<ref>{{cite book |last=Darch|first=Colin|title=Nestor Makhno and Rural Anarchism in Ukraine, 1917–1921|year=2020|location=London|publisher=[[Pluto Press]]|isbn=978-1786805263|oclc=1225942343}}</ref>

[[File:Euromaidan in Kyiv (2013-12-15) 17.JPG|thumb|Flag of Kholodny Yar Republic during [[Euromaidan]] in [[Kyiv]]]]
The [[Kholodny Yar Republic]], which existed from 1919 to 1922, was a small Ukrainian insurgent state located in the [[Chyhyryn]] region. It was formed by local resistance fighters and peasants who opposed both the Bolshevik [[Red Army]] and White Army forces during the Russian Civil War. Inspired by Ukrainian independence and nationalist ideals, the republic remained independent for a few years but was eventually overwhelmed by Bolshevik forces.<ref name="kholodnogoyaru15000">{{cite news|language=uk |url=https://espreso.tv/article/2020/02/09/povstannya_u_lukyanivskiy_tyurmi_yak_vidbuvsya_ostanniy_biy_otamaniv_kholodnogo_yaru |title=Uprising in Lukyanovka Prison: How the Last Battle of the Cold Yar Atamans took place |work=[[Espresso TV]] |date=9 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Doskoch |first=Viktoriya |date=7 October 2018 |title=Ukrainian writer & publisher: Language is the most important marker of national identity |url=http://euromaidanpress.com/2018/10/07/ukrainian-writer-publisher-language-is-the-most-important-marker-of-national-identity/ |access-date=18 June 2020 |website=Euromaidan Press |language=en-US}}</ref>

In May 1919, in central Ukraine began the [[Hryhoriv Uprising]], largest anti-soviet Uprising in Ukraine, which was brutally suppressed by regular troops.<ref>Михайличенко Д. Ю. Травнева військово-політична криза в УСРР, 1919 р. // Вісник Харківського національного університету ім. В. Н. Каразіна. — Сер. Історія України. — Вип. 5. — Харків, 2002. — С. 137.</ref>

The [[Kuban People's Republic]], which existed from 1918 to 1920, was a short-lived state established by [[Cossacks]] in the [[Kuban]] region, near the [[Black Sea]]. In the wake of the [[Russian Empire]]'s collapse during the revolution, the [[Kuban Cossacks]] declared independence and formed the [[Kuban Rada]] to govern. Their goal was to preserve their cultural identity and retain control over their land amid the Russian Civil War. The republic allied with the White Army against the Bolsheviks and sought to unite with the [[Ukrainian People's Republic]] (UPR) due to shared Cossack heritage and mutual strategic interests. However, these negotiations never culminated in a formal union, as the republic, isolated at the time, fell to the advancing Bolshevik Red Army in 1920, ending its brief independence.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://kuban.in.ua/index.php/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%87%D1%96-%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8/2013-04-07-22-54-26.html |title=Примарний день незалежності // Українська Кубань |access-date=4 May 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130706154947/http://kuban.in.ua/index.php/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%87%D1%96-%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8/2013-04-07-22-54-26.html |archive-date=6 July 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Kenez, Peter C''ivil War in South Russia, 1919-1920: The Defeat of the Whites'', Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1977</ref><ref name="Kubiyovych">{{cite book|author=Kubijovyč, Volodymyr|author-link=Volodymyr Kubiyovych|title=Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopedia|location=[[Toronto]]|publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]]|year=1963|pages=790–793}}</ref>