Editing Hanuman (section)

=== Indonesia ===
[[File:Statue-IMG 4662.JPG|thumb|Hanuman statue at [[Bali]], [[Indonesia]]]]
Hanuman ([[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]: ''Hanoman'' or ''Anoman'' ) is the central figure in many of the historic dance and drama art works such as [[Wayang Wong]] found in [[Javanese people|Javanese culture]], [[Indonesia]]. These performance arts can be traced to at least the 10th century.<ref>{{cite book|author=Margarete Merkle|title=Bali: Magical Dances|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QgQcmPUrO_wC&pg=PA43|year=2012|publisher=epubli|isbn=978-3-8442-3298-1|pages=42–43}}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He has been popular, along with the local versions of ''Ramayana'' in other islands of Indonesia such as Java.<ref>J. Kats (1927), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/606956 The Rāmāyana in Indonesia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126000638/https://www.jstor.org/stable/606956 |date=26 January 2021 }}, Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, Cambridge University Press, Vol. 4, No. 3 (1927), pp. 579–585</ref><ref>Malini Saran (2005), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23005981 The Ramayana in Indonesia: alternate tellings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215225013/https://www.jstor.org/stable/23005981 |date=15 December 2018 }}, India International Centre Quarterly, Vol. 31, No. 4 (SPRING 2005), pp. 66–82</ref>

[[File:Relief on Prambanan - Hanuman meeting Sita, Pentas Ramajana, p33.jpg|thumb|Hanuman relief in [[Prambanan]] temple, Indonesia]]
In major medieval era Hindu temples, archeological sites and manuscripts discovered in Indonesian and Malay islands, Hanuman features prominently along with Rama, Sita, Lakshmana, Vishvamitra and Sugriva.<ref>{{cite book|author=Willem Frederik Stutterheim|title=Rāma-legends and Rāma-reliefs in Indonesia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoitUqGk8PAC |year=1989|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-251-2|pages=xvii, 5–16 (Indonesia), 17–21 (Malaysia), 34–37}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Marijke Klokke|title=Archaeology: Indonesian Perspective : R.P. Soejono's Festschrift|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dSFfD0dpdS4C |year=2006|publisher=Yayasan Obor Indonesia|isbn=978-979-26-2499-1|pages=391–399}}</ref> The most studied and detailed [[relief]] artworks are found in the [[Candi of Indonesia|Candi]]s [[Panataran]] and [[Prambanan]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Andrea Acri|author2=H.M. Creese|author3=A. Griffiths|title=From Lanka Eastwards: The Ramayana in the Literature and Visual Arts of Indonesia |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=LXdhAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA209 |year=2010|publisher=BRILL Academic|isbn=978-90-04-25376-6|pages=197–203, 209–213}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Moertjipto|title=The Ramayana Reliefs of Prambanan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hd3VAAAAMAAJ|year=1991|publisher=Penerbit Kanisius|isbn=978-979-413-720-8|pages=40–42}}</ref>

Hanuman, along with other figures of the ''[[Ramayana]]'', are an important source of plays and dance theatre repertoire at [[Odalan]] celebrations and other festivals in Bali.<ref>{{cite book|author=Hildred Geertz|title=The Life of a Balinese Temple: Artistry, Imagination, and History in a Peasant Village|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JbrPXcurKxAC |year=2004|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=978-0-8248-2533-1|pages=154–165}}</ref>

====Wayang story====
[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Wajangfiguur voorstellende de apenkoning Hanuman TMnr 15-954-41.jpg|thumb|Hanuman [[wayang]] (puppetry) in [[Indonesian culture]]]]
Hanoman in [[Javanese people|Javanese]] [[wayang]] is the son of [[Batara Guru]] who became the disciple and adopted son of [[Vayu|Batara Bayu]]. Hanoman himself is a cross-generational figure from the time of [[Rama]] to the time of [[Jayabaya]]. [[Anjani]] is the eldest daughter of Rishi Gotama who is cursed so that she has the face of an [[ape]]. On the orders of his father, he was imprisoned naked in the lake Madirda. Once upon a time, Batara Guru and [[Narada|Batara Narada]] flew across the sky. When he saw Anjani, Batara Guru was so amazed that he released semen. The king of the puppet gods rubbed it with tamarind leaves and threw it into the lake. The sinom leaf fell on Anjani's lap. She also picked it up and ate it until she became pregnant. When it was time to give birth, Anjani was assisted by the angels sent by Batara Guru. She gave birth to a baby monkey with white hair, while herself again had a beautiful face and was taken to heaven as an angel.

The baby, in the form of a white monkey, which is Anjani's son, was taken by Batara Bayu and adopted as a child. After completing his education, Hanoman returned to the world and served his uncle, Sugriwa, the monkey king of Kiskenda Cave. At that time, Sugriwa had just been defeated by his brother, Subali, another uncle of Hanoman. Hanoman managed to meet Rama and Laksmana, a pair of princes from Ayodhya who were undergoing exile. The two then work together with Sugriwa to defeat Subali, and together attack the land of [[Lanka|Alengka]] to free Sita, Rama's wife who was kidnapped by Rahwana, Subali's disciple.

Hanoman infiltrates the Alengka palace to investigate Ravana's power and witness Sita's plight. There he made such a mess that he was caught and burned. Instead, Hanoman actually managed to burn parts of the capital city of Alengka. This event is known as Hanuman Obong. After Hanoman returned to Rama's place, the monkey army set out to attack Alengka. Hanoman appears as a hero who kills many Alengka troops, for example Surpanaka (Sarpakenaka) [[Ravana]]'s younger brother. In the final battle between Rama and Ravana, he was overwhelmed with his Aji Pancasu, the ability to live eternally. Every time Rama's weapon killed Ravana, immediately Ravana rose again. Wibisana, Ravana's sister who sided with Rama immediately asked Hanoman to help. Hanoman also lifted Mount Ungaran to fall on top of Ravana's corpse when Ravana had just died at the hands of Rama for the umpteenth time. Seeing Hanuman's impudence, Rama also punished him to guard Ravana's grave. Rama believes that Ravana is still alive under the crush of the mountain, and at any time can release his spirit to wreak havoc in the world.

Several years later after Rama died, Ravana's spirit escaped from Mount Pati and went to [[Sumatra Island]] to seek the reincarnation of Sita, namely [[Subhadra]], Krishna's sister. [[Krishna]] himself is the reincarnation of Rama. Hanoman chases and meets Bima, his younger brother and Bayu's adopted son. Hanuman then served Krishna. He also managed to capture the spirit of Ravana and imprisoned him in Mount Kendalisada. On the mountain Hanoman acts as a hermit.

Unlike the original version, Hanoman in the wayang has two children. The first is named Trigangga who is in the form of a white ape like himself. It is said that when he came home from burning Alengka, Hanoman had the image of Trijata's face, Wibisana's daughter, who took care of Sita. Over the ocean, Hanuman's semen fell and caused the seawater to boil. Unbeknownst to him, Baruna created the foam into Trigangga. Trigangga immediately grew up and met Bukbis, the son of Ravana. The two are friends and sided with Alengka against Rama. In the war Trigangga managed to kidnap Rama and Laksmana but was chased by Hanoman. Narada came down to intervene and explained the blood relationship between the two white monkeys. Finally, Trigangga turned against Ravana.

Hanuman's second son was named Purwaganti, who had only appeared in the Pandavas era. He was credited with finding Yudhisthira's lost heirloom named Kalimasada. Purwaganti was born to a priest's daughter whom Hanoman married, named Purwati. Hanuman lived so long that he was tired of living. [[Narada]] descends to grant his wish, which is to die, as long as he can complete the final task, which is to reconcile the six descendants of Arjuna who are involved in a civil war. Hanoman disguised himself as Resi Mayangkara and succeeded in marrying Astradarma, son of Sariwahana, to Pramesti, daughter of Jayabaya. The Sariwahana family and Jayabaya were involved in a dispute even though they were both descendants of Arjuna. Hanoman then appeared to face Jayabaya's enemy named Yaksadewa, the king of Selahuma. In that war, Hanuman died, moksha with his body, while Yaksadewa returned to his original form, namely [[Batara Kala]], the god of death.<ref>{{citation| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=26z0DwAAQBAJ&q=hanoman+wayang| author= Pitoyo Amrih| title= Hanoman, Akhir bisu sebuah perang besar| year= 2014| publisher= Pitoyo Ebook| access-date= 19 March 2023| archive-date= 11 April 2023| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230411052751/https://books.google.com/books?id=26z0DwAAQBAJ&q=hanoman+wayang| url-status= live}}</ref>