Editing Han Chinese (section)

=== Republic history ===
{{main|History of the Republic of China|History of the People's Republic of China}}
[[File:Xh3.jpg|thumb|[[Sun Yat-sen]], one of the main revolutionaries against the [[Qing dynasty|Qing Empire]] and the founder of the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]]]]
The [[Han nationalism|Han nationalist]] revolutionary [[Sun Yat-sen]] made [[Han chauvinism|Han Chinese superiority]] a basic tenet of the [[Timeline of late anti-Qing rebellions|Chinese revolution]] in the early 1900s.<ref name="so">{{cite web|url=https://saisobserver.org/2014/04/07/han-chauvinismexceptionalism-the-problem-with-han-chauvinism/|title=Han Chauvinism/Exceptionalism: The Problem with it|work=[[Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies|The SAIS Observer]]|date=2014-04-07|access-date=30 March 2024|archive-date=30 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330055844/https://saisobserver.org/2014/04/07/han-chauvinismexceptionalism-the-problem-with-han-chauvinism/|url-status=live}}</ref> In Sun's revolutionary philosophical view, Han identity is exclusively possessed by the so-called civilized Hua Xia people who originated from the Central Plains, and were also the former subjects of the [[Celestial Empire|Celestial empire]] and evangelists of Confucianism.<ref name="ww">{{cite journal |last1=Wu |first1=Weiying |title=Han-Nationalism Throughout the Ages |journal=Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal |date=2023 |issue=2 |pages=148–170 |doi=10.24968/2693-244X.4.2.10 }}</ref> Restoring Chinese rule to the Han majority was one of the motivations for supporters of the [[1911 Revolution]] to overthrow the Manchu-led [[Fall of the Qing dynasty|Qing dynasty in 1912]], which led to the establishment of the Han-dominated [[Republic of China (1912-1949)|Republic of China]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/19thcpcnationalcongress/2011-07/27/content_29714617.htm|title=Revolution of 1911|date=2011-07-27|work=[[China Daily]]}}</ref>
 
[[Mao Zedong]] and his [[China|People's Republic of China]] founded in 1949 was critical of Han chauvinism.<ref name="hm" /> In the latter half of the 20th century, official policy of [[Chinese Communist Party|communist]] China marked Han chauvinism as [[Criticism of Marxism|anti-Marxist]].<ref name="so" /> Today, the tension between the dominant Han Chinese majority and [[Ethnic minorities in China|ethnic minorities]] remains contentious, as the deterioration in ethnic relations has compounded by [[Affirmative action in China|China's contemporary ethnic policies in favor of ethnic minorities]] since its founding.<ref name="ww" /> [[Han chauvinism]] has been gaining mainstream popularity throughout China since the 2000s, attributed to discontent toward these ethnic policies instituted by the Chinese government.<ref name="凭栏观史">《凭栏观史》第34期：中国到底有没有大汉族主义</ref><ref name="皇汉史观：今天我们如何定义中国？">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dwnews.com/中国/59812518/皇汉史观今天我们如何定义中国|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113002044/https://www.dwnews.com/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD/59812518/%E7%9A%87%E6%B1%89%E5%8F%B2%E8%A7%82%E4%BB%8A%E5%A4%A9%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 January 2020|title=皇汉史观今天我们如何定义中国｜多维新闻网｜中国|date=April 26, 2017|website=多维新闻网}}</ref> The contemporary dissatisfaction and discord between the dominant Han Chinese mainstream and its non-Han minorities has led to the Chinese government scaling back on [[Affirmative action in China|preferential treatment]] for ethnic minorities under the [[Xi Jinping]] administration.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mimi Lau |date=2019-12-05 |title=China's ethnic groups face end to affirmative action in education, taxes |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3040577/chinas-ethnic-groups-face-end-affirmative-action-education |access-date=2019-12-10 |website=[[South China Morning Post]] |language=en}}</ref>