Editing Guitar (section)

===Standard===
[[File:Standard diagonal shifting of C major chord.png|right|thumb|upright|In standard tuning, the C-major chord has three shapes because of the irregular major-third between the G- and B-strings.]]
By the 16th century, the guitar tuning of ADGBE had already been adopted in Western culture; a lower E was later added on the bottom as a sixth string.<ref name="owenstdtune">{{cite web|last1=Owen|first1=Jeff|title=Standard Tuning: How EADGBE Came to Be|url=https://www.fender.com/articles/tech-talk/standard-tuning-how-eadgbe-came-to-be|website=[[Fender Musical Instrument Corporation|fender.com]]|access-date=February 16, 2021}}</ref>
The result, known as "standard tuning", has the strings tuned from a low E to a high E, traversing a two-octave range: EADGBE.
This tuning is a series of ascending fourths (and a single major third) from low to high.<ref name="owenstdtune"/>
The reason for ascending fourths is to accommodate four fingers on four frets up a scale before moving to the next string.
This is musically convenient and physically comfortable, and it eased the transition between fingering chords and playing scales.<ref name="owenstdtune"/>
If the tuning contained all perfect fourths, the range would be two octaves plus one semitone;<ref name="weissmancompr">{{cite book |last1=Weissman |first1=Dick |title=Guitar Tunings: A Comprehensive Guide |date=2006 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-0-415-97441-7 |page=xi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mVLdAAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Playing+the+guitar+(%27How+the+guitar+is+tuned%27)&pg=PR11 |access-date=February 26, 2021}}</ref> the high string would be an F, a dissonant half-step from the low E and much out of place.<ref name="owenstdtune"/><ref name="weissmancompr"/>

The pitches are as follows:
{|class="wikitable" style="width: 400px; text-align:center;"
|-
! String !! [[Scientific pitch notation|Scientific<br /> pitch]] !! [[Helmholtz pitch notation|Helmholtz<br /> pitch]] || [[Interval (music)|Interval]] from [[middle C]] || [[Frequency]]<br />([[Hertz|Hz]])
|-
| 1st || E<sub>4</sub> || e' || [[major third]] above || 329.63
|-
| 2nd || B<sub>3</sub> || b || [[minor second]] below || 246.94
|-
| 3rd || G<sub>3</sub> || g || [[perfect fourth]] below || 196.00
|-
| 4th || D<sub>3</sub> || d || [[minor seventh]] below || 146.83
|-
| 5th || A<sub>2</sub> || A || minor tenth below || 110.00
|-
| 6th || E<sub>2</sub> || E || minor thirteenth below|| 82.41
|}

The table below shows a pitch's name found over the six strings of a guitar in standard tuning, from the nut (zero), to the twelfth fret.
{|class="wikitable" style="width: 400px; text-align:center;"
|-
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 11 !! 12
|-
! E
| F || F{{music|sharp}} || G || A{{music|flat}} || A || B{{music|flat}} || B || C || C{{music|sharp}} || D || E{{music|flat}} || E
|-
! B
| C || C{{music|sharp}} || D || E{{music|flat}} || E || F || F{{music|sharp}} || G || A{{music|flat}} || A || B{{music|flat}} || B
|-
! G
| A{{music|flat}} || A || B{{music|flat}} || B || C || C{{music|sharp}} || D || E{{music|flat}} || E || F || F{{music|sharp}} || G
|-
! D
| E{{music|flat}} || E || F || F{{music|sharp}} || G || A{{music|flat}} || A || B{{music|flat}} || B || C || C{{music|sharp}} || D
|-
! A
| B{{music|flat}} || B || C || C{{music|sharp}} || D || E{{music|flat}} || E || F || F{{music|sharp}} || G || A{{music|flat}} || A
|-
! E
| F || F{{music|sharp}} || G || A{{music|flat}} || A || B{{music|flat}} || B || C || C{{music|sharp}} || D || E{{music|flat}} || E
|}

[[File:Tuning ADGBE5 ADGBE0.svg|thumb|left|alt=A fretboard with line-segments connecting the successive open-string notes of the standard tuning|In the ''standard'' guitar-tuning, one major-third interval is interjected amid four perfect-fourth intervals. In each ''regular'' tuning, all string successions have the same interval.]]
For four strings, the 5th fret on one string is the same open-note as the next string; for example, a 5th-fret note on the sixth string is the same note as the open fifth string. However, between the second and third strings, an irregularity occurs: The ''4th''-fret note on the third string is equivalent to the open second string.
{{Clear}}