Editing Great Expectations (section)

==== Narrative technique ====
For Pip's redemption to be credible, Trotter writes, the words of the main character must sound right.<ref>{{harvnb|Charles Dickens|1996|p=vii}}</ref> Christopher Ricks adds that Pip's frankness induces empathy, dramatics are avoided,<ref>Christopher Ricks, "''Great Expectations''", ''Dickens and the Twentieth Century'', ed. John Gross and Gabriel Pearson, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1962, pp. 199–211.</ref> and his good actions are more eloquent than words. Dickens's subtle narrative technique is also shown when he has Pip confess that he arranged Herbert's partnership with Clarriker, has Miss Havisham finally see the true character of her cousin Matthew Pocket, and has Pocket refuse the money she offers him.<ref name="Dickens-viii">{{harvnb|Charles Dickens|1996|p=viii}}</ref> To this end, the narrative method subtly changes until, during the perilous journey down the Thames to remove Magwitch in chapter 54, the narrative point-of-view shifts from first person to the omniscient point of view. For the first time, Ricks writes, the "I" ceases to be Pip's thoughts and switches to the other characters, the focus, at once, turns outward, and this is mirrored in the imagery of the black waters tormented waves and eddies, which heaves with an anguish that encompasses the entire universe, the passengers, the docks, the river, the night.<ref name="Dickens-viii"/>