Editing Geography of Chile (section)

=== Border disputes with Bolivia ===
Chile has long been in conflict with [[Bolivia]] over coastal and land sovereignty. The [[War of the Pacific]] was fought between Chile, Bolivia, and Peru in the late 1800s. The latter two had rich nitrate deposits. However, Peru established a monopoly over their deposits and Bolivia applied export tariffs to Chile.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kiernan |first1=V.G. |title=Foreign Interests in the War of the Pacific |journal=The Hispanic American Historical Review |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=14–36 |date=February 1955|jstor=2509249 |publisher=Duke University Press |doi=10.2307/2509249 }}</ref> After the war, Chile had won 120,000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> of land that included [[Antofagasta]] on the coastline of [[Bolivia]]. This has left Bolivia landlocked since 1904. 
Bolivians still fights for coastal and territorial sovereignty. [[Evo Morales]], the former president of Bolivia, has argued that Bolivia's landlocked status has made the country endure great "historical injustice".<ref>{{cite web |title=Bolivia Takes Sea Access Dispute with Chile to International Court of Justice |date=19 March 2018 |url=https://santiagotimes.cl/2018/03/19/bolivia-takes-sea-access-dispute-with-chile-to-international-court-of-justice/ |website=The Santiago Times |access-date=18 October 2018}}</ref> Morales also has argued that were Chileans to give back Antofagasta, it would have no significant effect on their country. The land Bolivia lost to Chile more than a century ago is now home to some of the biggest copper mines in the world. Chile has no intention of giving up any land to Bolivia, but is very open to coastal access negotiations.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Long |first1=Gideon |title=Bolivia-Chile land dispute has deep roots |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-22287222 |website=BBC News |access-date=25 November 2018|date=2013-04-24 }}</ref>

In October 2018, the [[International Court of Justice]] ruled against Bolivia in its dispute with Chile. The court ruled that Chile did not have to discuss granting Bolivia sea access.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bolivia Sea Dispute: UN rules in Chile's Favor |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-45708671 |access-date=18 October 2018|work=BBC News |date=1 October 2018 }}</ref>